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Decoherence of quantum local fisher and uncertainty information in two-qubit NV centers

MetadataDetails
Publication Date2025-10-02
JournalScientific Reports
AuthorsH. Allhibi, Fahad Aljuaydi, Abdel‐Baset A. Mohamed, H. A. Hessian
InstitutionsAl Baha University, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University
AnalysisFull AI Review Included

Technical Documentation & Analysis: Quantum Correlation Dynamics in NV Centers

Section titled “Technical Documentation & Analysis: Quantum Correlation Dynamics in NV Centers”

6CCVD Reference Document: QNTM-NV-2QBT-0325 Source Paper: Decoherence of quantum local fisher and uncertainty information in two-qubit NV centers (Scientific Reports, 2025)


This research validates the Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center in diamond as a robust platform for scalable quantum information processing, emphasizing the critical role of material purity and precise external field control.

  • Core Achievement: Successfully modeled the dynamics of quantum correlations (Local Quantum Fisher Information (LQFI), Local Quantum Uncertainty (LQU), and Concurrence) in a two-qubit NV center system under intrinsic decoherence.
  • Material Requirement: The stability and long coherence times observed rely fundamentally on the use of high-purity diamond to minimize intrinsic decoherence coupling ($1/\gamma$).
  • Control Enhancement: Increasing the external electric control field ($E_x$) and the dipole-dipole coupling ($\Gamma$) significantly enhances the amplitude and frequency of quantum correlations.
  • Correlation Robustness: Under weak intrinsic decoherence ($1/\gamma = 5 \times 10^{−5}$), the system exhibits robust, oscillating generations of LQFI, LQU, and Concurrence.
  • Decoherence Mitigation: The study confirms that external control fields can be utilized as an additional resource for suppressing decoherence effects in NV-center qubits.
  • Wigner-Yanase-Fisher Correlation: LQFI and LQU frequently exhibit the same oscillatory behavior, confirming a specific “Wigner-Yanase-Fisher correlation” regime, crucial for understanding non-entanglement-based quantum resources.

The following parameters were used in the Hamiltonian and intrinsic decoherence model to simulate the two-qubit NV center dynamics.

ParameterValueUnitContext
Gyromagnetic Factor ($\chi$)0.5DimensionlessUsed in Hamiltonian (Eq. 1)
Inter-qubit Distance ($r$)1DimensionlessUnit vector $r = (0, 1, 0)$
External Magnetic Field ($B_z$)0.5, 2, 7DimensionlessVaried to observe correlation dynamics
External Electric Field ($E_x$)2, 4, 8DimensionlessVaried to observe correlation dynamics
Dipole-Dipole Coupling ($\Gamma$)0.4, 0.8, 1.5DimensionlessVaried to observe correlation dynamics
Zero-Field Splitting ($D_A$)0.8, 2.5DimensionlessBaseline and increased values
Weak Intrinsic Decoherence ($1/\gamma$)$5 \times 10^{−5}$DimensionlessBaseline for robust correlation analysis
Large Intrinsic Decoherence ($1/\gamma$)$5 \times 10^{−3}$, $5 \times 10^{−2}$DimensionlessUsed to model rapid correlation degradation
Polishing Requirement (Inferred)Ra < 1 nmnmRequired for high-fidelity optical access (ODMR)

The study utilized a theoretical framework based on the Milburn intrinsic decoherence model applied to a two-qubit NV center system in diamond.

  1. System Modeling: The system was defined by a total Hamiltonian incorporating zero-field splitting, Zeeman interaction (from $B_z$), electric control field interaction (from $E_x$), and spin-NV dipole-dipole coupling ($\Gamma$).
  2. Decoherence Implementation: Intrinsic decoherence was modeled using the Milburn equation (Eq. 2), which accounts for non-unitary evolution (pure dephasing) dominated by the intrinsic NV-center decoherence coupling ($\gamma$).
  3. Initial State Preparation: The system was initialized in an excited-state triplet, $M(0) = |1_A 1_B\rangle \langle 1_A 1_B|$, representing two electron spins aligned upwards.
  4. Quantum Quantification: The time evolution of quantum correlations was tracked using three key quantifiers:
    • Local Quantum Fisher Information (LQFI): Measures interferometric power and Wigner-Yanase-Fisher correlation.
    • Local Quantum Uncertainty (LQU): Measures the minimum Wigner-Yanase skew information.
    • Concurrence ($C(t)$): Standard measure of entanglement.
  5. Dynamic Analysis: Numerical simulations were performed to analyze how varying external parameters ($B_z$, $E_x$, $\Gamma$) and decoherence coupling ($1/\gamma$) affected the oscillatory generation and degradation of the quantum correlations over time.

The successful realization and extension of this quantum computing research depend critically on high-purity diamond materials and precise fabrication capabilities. 6CCVD is uniquely positioned to supply the necessary components for replicating and advancing two-qubit NV center systems.

To achieve the weak intrinsic decoherence coupling ($1/\gamma = 5 \times 10^{−5}$) required for robust, long-lived quantum correlations, researchers must utilize diamond with the highest possible purity.

6CCVD MaterialApplication RequirementTechnical Specification
Optical Grade Single Crystal Diamond (SCD)NV Center Host Material (Low Decoherence)Ultra-low nitrogen concentration (< 1 ppb) to minimize spin bath noise and maximize coherence time ($T_2$). Essential for stable qubit operation.
High-P Purity SCD SubstratesStructural Support & Heat ManagementSubstrates available up to 10 mm thickness, providing robust mechanical support and excellent thermal conductivity for high-power optical/microwave control.
Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD)Integrated Electrodes/Sensing (Future Extension)Potential for integrating conductive BDD layers for on-chip microwave or electric field delivery, enabling highly localized control of $E_x$ and $B_z$.

The experiment relies on precise geometry for applying external fields and optimizing the dipole-dipole interaction ($\Gamma$). 6CCVD offers full customization to meet these complex engineering demands.

  • Custom Dimensions: We provide SCD plates and wafers in custom shapes and sizes, crucial for integrating NV centers into specific quantum architectures (e.g., photonic crystal cavities mentioned in the paper). We offer large-area Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) wafers up to 125 mm for array development.
  • Precision Polishing: To facilitate high-fidelity optical readout (ODMR) and minimize surface defects that contribute to decoherence, 6CCVD guarantees ultra-smooth polishing:
    • SCD: Surface roughness Ra < 1 nm.
    • Inch-size PCD: Surface roughness Ra < 5 nm.
  • Integrated Metalization: The application of external electric control fields ($E_x$) requires high-quality electrodes. 6CCVD offers in-house metalization services, including deposition of Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, and Cu, allowing researchers to define precise control structures directly onto the diamond surface.

The complex interplay between zero-field splitting, external fields, and intrinsic decoherence requires deep material expertise.

6CCVD’s in-house PhD team specializes in MPCVD diamond growth and defect engineering. We can assist researchers with material selection, orientation, and post-growth processing (such as controlled NV creation or surface termination) necessary for similar Quantum Information Processing projects. Our expertise ensures that the base material maximizes the intrinsic decoherence coupling ($\gamma$) and minimizes unwanted noise sources.

For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.