Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Roots Obturated with Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealer and Two Different Techniques
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2025-04-20 |
| Journal | Current Research in Dental Sciences |
| Authors | Salih DĂŒzgĂŒn, HĂŒseyin Sinan TopçuoÄlu, Ä°pek Eraslan AkyĂŒz |
| Institutions | Bozok Universitesi |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Documentation & Analysis: Advanced Mechanical Testing in Endodontics
Section titled âTechnical Documentation & Analysis: Advanced Mechanical Testing in EndodonticsâExecutive Summary
Section titled âExecutive SummaryâThis analysis reviews the mechanical testing methodologies employed in the study âEvaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Roots Obturated with Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealer and Two Different Techniques,â highlighting the need for ultra-hard, precision-engineered materials essential for replicating and advancing such high-fidelity mechanical research.
- Study Objective: To compare the fracture resistance (FR) of extracted teeth filled with two different root canal sealers (Bioceramic-based Ceraseal, CS, and Epoxy-based AH Plus Jet, AHPJ) using two techniques (Single Cone Technique, SCT, and Cold Lateral Compaction Technique, CLCT).
- Core Finding: Root canal filling significantly increased fracture resistance compared to prepared but unfilled roots (Positive Control).
- Key Result: No statistically significant difference in fracture resistance was found between the four filled groups (CS/AHPJ combined with SCT/CLCT), suggesting that the presence of the filling material, rather than the specific sealer chemistry or technique, is the primary factor in mechanical reinforcement.
- Methodology Highlight: The study relied on standardized sample preparation (13 mm root length) achieved using a water-cooled diamond saw and precise mechanical testing using a universal test machine applying a vertical compressive load (1 mm/min rate).
- 6CCVD Relevance: High-precision mechanical testing, such as the fracture resistance test performed, requires tooling, fixtures, and cutting implements (like the diamond saw) manufactured from materials with extreme hardness, wear resistance, and dimensional stabilityâcore capabilities of 6CCVDâs MPCVD diamond products.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following hard data points were extracted from the mechanical testing results:
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Root Length | 13 | mm | Standardized sample dimension. |
| Embedded Length | 4 | mm | Embedded in self-cure acrylic resin block. |
| Exposed Length | 9 | mm | Length subjected to testing load. |
| Compressive Load Rate | 1 | mm/min | Applied until fracture occurred. |
| Steel Tip Diameter | 3 | mm | Used to apply vertical force to the canal opening. |
| Highest Mean FR (Group 1) | 672.84 ± 181.37 | N | Negative Control (Unprepared/Unfilled). |
| Lowest Mean FR (Group 2) | 254.56 ± 86.41 | N | Positive Control (Prepared/Unfilled). |
| CS + SCT Mean FR (Group 3) | 457.12 ± 96.48 | N | Filled Group (Bioceramic Sealer). |
| AHPJ + CLCT Mean FR (Group 6) | 427.96 ± 84.12 | N | Filled Group (Epoxy Sealer). |
| Statistical Significance (Filled Groups) | P > .05 | N/A | No significant difference between Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6. |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe experiment utilized highly standardized preparation and testing protocols to ensure reliable mechanical data:
- Sample Preparation: Ninety single-rooted lower premolars were selected. Crowns were removed using a water-cooled diamond saw to achieve a standard root length of 13 mm.
- Working Length Determination: Working length (WL) was set at 1 mm less than the length at which a #10 K-file was visible through the apical foramen.
- Canal Instrumentation: Root canals (excluding the negative control) were prepared up to the ProTaper F3 file using a torque-controlled endodontic motor.
- Irrigation Protocol: 3 mL of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used between files, followed by 2 mL of 17% EDTA for 3 minutes to remove the smear layer, and a final rinse with distilled water.
- Obturation Techniques:
- Single Cone Technique (SCT): Sealer was placed 2 mm coronal to the WL, and a single F3 gutta-percha cone was placed at the WL.
- Cold Lateral Compaction Technique (CLCT): Sealer was placed similarly, and a 0.02/30 master gutta-percha cone was fitted, followed by compaction using a size 25 finger spreader and size 20 gutta-percha coated with sealer.
- Fracture Resistance Testing: Roots were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin (4 mm embedded, 9 mm exposed). A vertical compressive load was applied via a rounded steel tip (3 mm diameter) at a rate of 1 mm/min using a universal test machine until fracture occurred.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & CapabilitiesâThe rigorous mechanical testing and sample preparation described in this paper underscore the critical need for materials capable of extreme precision, hardness, and wear resistanceâareas where 6CCVDâs MPCVD diamond excels.
Applicable Materials for Advanced Mechanical Research
Section titled âApplicable Materials for Advanced Mechanical ResearchâTo replicate or extend this research, particularly in developing next-generation dental tools, high-precision cutting instruments, or wear-resistant testing fixtures, 6CCVD recommends the following materials:
| Application Requirement | 6CCVD Material Recommendation | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| High-Precision Cutting/Machining | Optical Grade SCD (Single Crystal Diamond) | Ideal for manufacturing ultra-sharp, durable cutting edges (e.g., diamond saws, micro-blades) used for standardized sample preparation (like the 13 mm root length). Ra < 1nm polishing available. |
| Wear-Resistant Test Fixtures | Mechanical Grade PCD (Polycrystalline Diamond) | Suitable for creating durable, dimensionally stable components for the universal test machine fixtures or the steel tip replacement, ensuring minimal wear and consistent load application over thousands of cycles. |
| Custom Tooling/Dies | PCD Plates/Wafers (Up to 125mm) | For large-area tooling used in the manufacturing of dental instruments or specialized compaction spreaders, offering superior longevity compared to traditional metals. |
| Electrochemical Sensing (Future Extension) | Heavy Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) | If the research extends to analyzing material degradation or electrochemical properties of the sealers, BDD provides a stable, inert electrode material. |
Customization Potential for Research Tooling
Section titled âCustomization Potential for Research ToolingâThe standardization of the root samples (13 mm length) and the use of a specific 3 mm diameter steel tip highlight the need for precise, repeatable dimensions in mechanical testing. 6CCVD offers specialized services critical for advanced research:
- Custom Dimensions: 6CCVD provides SCD and PCD plates/wafers in custom dimensions up to 125 mm, allowing researchers to design and fabricate bespoke testing jigs, fixtures, and dies with guaranteed dimensional accuracy.
- Ultra-Precision Polishing: We offer polishing services down to Ra < 1nm for SCD and Ra < 5nm for inch-size PCD. This is crucial for contact surfaces in mechanical tests (like the steel tip interface) where surface roughness can influence friction and load distribution.
- Metalization Services: While the current study did not require diamond metalization, 6CCVD offers in-house deposition of Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, and Cu. This capability is essential for integrating diamond components into complex sensor arrays or electrically conductive test setups.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering Supportâ6CCVDâs in-house PhD team specializes in the material science of diamond and its application in extreme environments. We can assist researchers and engineers in selecting the optimal diamond material (SCD purity, PCD grain size, BDD doping level) and geometry for similar Fracture Resistance and High-Precision Mechanical Testing projects, ensuring maximum durability and data fidelity.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of the teeth that had been filled using two different root canal-filling techniques and root canal sealers. Methods: Ninety single-rooted lower premolars, extracted for periodontal reasons, were selected. The crowns of the teeth were removed with diamond saw to obtain a root length of 13 mm. The working length of the teeth, excluding the negative control group, was advanced until the number 10 K-file inserted into the root canal was visible through the apical orifice, and the working length was measured to be 1 mm less than the visible length. The teeth were divided into 6 different groups (n=15). Group 1: unprepared and unfilled (negative control), Group 2: prepared and unfilled (positive control): Group 3: prepared and filled with Ceraseal (CS) + Single Cone Technique (SCT), Group 4: prepared and CS + Cold Lateral Compaction Technique (CLCT), Group 5: prepared and filled with AH Plus Jet (AHPJ) + SCT, Group 6: prepared and filled with AHPJ + CLCT. Vertical force was applied to the universal test machine until fracture occurred, and the maximum force required to fracture was recorded. Results: The Positive control group had significantly less FR than other groups, while the negative control group had significantly more FR than other groups (P.05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between root canal-filling sealer and techniques.