The performance evolution of Xue and Yamada-Ota models for local thermal non equilibrium effects on 3D radiative casson trihybrid nanofluid
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2025-03-01 |
| Journal | Scientific Reports |
| Authors | Ahmed M. Galal, Ali AkgĂŒl, Sahar Ahmed Idris, Shoira Formanova, Talib K. Ibrahim |
| Institutions | Siirt Ăniversitesi, Gulf University for Science & Technology |
| Citations | 6 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Documentation & Analysis: Diamond Nanofluid Performance in LTNE Systems
Section titled âTechnical Documentation & Analysis: Diamond Nanofluid Performance in LTNE Systemsâ6CCVD specializes in providing high-quality MPCVD Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) and Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) materials, which serve as the foundation for advanced thermal management and scientific research, including the high-thermal-conductivity nanoparticles utilized in this study.
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive Summaryâ- Core Research Focus: Investigation of Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Conditions (LTNECs) and heat transmission in a 3D radiative Casson trihybrid nanofluid (THNF) containing Diamond, C03O4, and SiO2 nanoparticles.
- Material Significance: The study leverages the exceptional thermal conductivity of Diamond nanoparticles (k = 1000 W/mK) to enhance fluid performance, crucial for optimizing heat transfer efficiency in complex systems.
- Application Relevance: Findings are directly applicable to modern thermal management systems requiring precise heat transfer control, such as electronic cooling, medicinal devices, energy storage, and catalytic reactors.
- Modeling Comparison: The research compares the Xue and Yamada-Ota models for assessing THNF thermal conductivity, concluding that the Yamada-Ota model generally provides a more accurate result for heat transmission efficiency.
- Key Thermal Finding: Increasing the inter-phase heat transmission factor (H) significantly boosts the liquid phase temperature profile while simultaneously causing the solid phase temperature profile to decline, confirming strong LTNE effects.
- Flow Dynamics: Marangoni convection (Ma) and Stefan blowing (Sb) parameters are shown to increase the THNF velocity profiles while decreasing the temperature and concentration distributions, offering pathways for flow control.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following hard data points and critical parameters were extracted from the analysis of the trihybrid nanofluid (THNF) constituents and the experimental setup.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticle 1 (NP1) | Diamond (ND) | N/A | Core component for high thermal conductivity |
| Nanoparticle Thermal Conductivity (k) - Diamond | 1000 | W/mK | Key thermal property leveraged |
| Nanoparticle Density (Ï) - Diamond | 1114.4 | kg/m3 | Used in THNF density calculations |
| Base Fluid | Sodium Alginate (Na Alg) | N/A | NaC6H7O6 |
| Base Fluid Prandtl Number (Pr) | 6.5 | N/A | Fluid property |
| Optimal Thermal Conductivity Model | Yamada-Ota | N/A | Outperforms Xue model for THNF efficiency |
| Activation Energy (E) Range Studied | 0.3 to 1.2 | N/A | Influences chemical reaction rate and solutal distribution |
| Inter-phase Heat Transmission Factor (H) Range | 0.01 to 0.07 | N/A | Critical parameter for LTNE analysis |
| Marangoni Convection Parameter (Ma) Range | 0.3 to 1.8 | N/A | Surface tension gradient influence on flow |
| Stefan Blowing Parameter (Sb) Range | 0.1 to 0.4 | N/A | Influences velocity boundary layer thickness |
| Maximum Nusselt Number (Nu) - Liquid Phase (Yamada-Ota, Sb=0.1) | 2.932 | N/A | Highest predicted heat transfer rate |
| Minimum SCD Polishing Roughness (6CCVD Capability) | < 1 | nm (Ra) | Relevant for surface interface studies (Marangoni effects) |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe research employed a rigorous numerical approach to solve the complex governing equations for the 3D flow under LTNE conditions.
- Problem Formulation: Established controlling Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) for 3D radiative Casson THNF flow, incorporating Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE), Marangoni convection, Stefan blowing, and activation energy effects.
- Similarity Transformation: Applied appropriate similarity transformations to reduce the highly non-linear PDEs into a set of coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs).
- Thermal Conductivity Modeling: The thermal conductivity of the trihybrid nanofluid (kthnf) was calculated and compared using both the ternary hybrid Xue model and the ternary hybrid Yamada-Ota model.
- Numerical Solution: The resulting non-linear ODEs, along with the designated boundary conditions (BCs), were numerically solved using the integrated Bvp4c solver computational tool within MATLAB.
- Validation: The numerical results for skin friction (Cf) were validated against previous investigations using the integer case, confirming the validity of the current examination.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & CapabilitiesâThe successful application of Diamond nanoparticles in this trihybrid nanofluid highlights the critical role of high-purity, high-thermal-conductivity diamond materials in next-generation thermal management. 6CCVD is uniquely positioned to supply the foundational materials required to replicate, test, and scale this research.
Applicable Materials
Section titled âApplicable Materialsâ| Research Requirement | 6CCVD Material Recommendation | Technical Justification |
|---|---|---|
| High-k Nanoparticle Precursor (Diamond, k=1000 W/mK) | Optical Grade Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) Wafers: SCD is the highest purity form of diamond, offering thermal conductivity up to 2200 W/mK. | Provides the highest quality source material for micronization into NPs, ensuring maximum thermal performance and consistency in THNF formulation. |
| Substrate Testing & Integration (Electronic Cooling, Medicinal Devices) | Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) Plates: Available up to 125mm diameter and 10mm thickness. | Ideal for use as high-performance heat spreaders or substrates to test the THNF performance under real-world electronic cooling loads. |
| Electrochemical/Catalytic Applications (Chemical Reactors) | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Films/Wafers: Custom doping levels available. | BDD offers superior electrochemical stability and conductivity, suitable for extending this research into catalytic reactors or energy systems where chemical reactions are critical. |
Customization Potential
Section titled âCustomization PotentialâThe study focuses on complex surface phenomena (Marangoni convection, Stefan blowing) and integration into thermal systems. 6CCVDâs customization capabilities directly support the engineering requirements of these advanced applications:
- Custom Dimensions: We provide SCD and PCD plates/wafers in custom sizes up to 125mm (PCD), allowing researchers to match material dimensions precisely to experimental setups or device prototypes.
- Precision Polishing: To accurately control surface tension gradients (Marangoni effects) and ensure optimal fluid-surface interaction, 6CCVD offers ultra-smooth polishing: Ra < 1nm for SCD and Ra < 5nm for inch-size PCD.
- Custom Metalization: For integrating diamond substrates into electronic or microfluidic systems, we offer in-house metalization services, including Ti/Pt/Au, Cu, Pd, and W layers, enabling robust electrical and thermal contacts.
- Thickness Control: We supply SCD and PCD materials with precise thickness control, ranging from 0.1”m films for thin-film coating studies to 10mm substrates for bulk thermal management.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering Supportâ6CCVDâs in-house PhD team specializes in the thermal, optical, and electronic properties of MPCVD diamond. We can assist researchers and engineers with material selection and specification for similar Trihybrid Nanofluid projects, ensuring the chosen diamond material maximizes the thermal efficiency predicted by the Yamada-Ota model.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
The proposed study investigates the characteristics of Stefan blowing and activation energy on MHD Casson Diamond-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]based trihybrid nanofluid over a sheet with LTNECs (local thermal non-equilibrium conditions) and permeable medium. The significance of Marangoni convection as well as heat generation are considered. In order to examine the properties of heat transmission in the absence of local thermal equilibrium conditions, this paper makes use of a simple mathematical model. Local thermal non-equilibrium situations typically result in two discrete and crucial temperature gradients in both the liquid and solid phases. In systems where material qualities and heat transfer efficiency are crucial, the utilization of Xue model and Yamada-Ota model and to assess the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid adds a comparison dimension and enables optimized design. The controlling partial differential equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations using an appropriate similarity transformation. The Bvp4c technique is used to resolve the resulting equations numerically. Applications in modern thermal management systems, especially those requiring precise heat transfer control (e.g., electronic cooling, medicinal devices, energy systems), will benefit greatly from this work. The model is especially applicable to processes where chemical reactions and internal heat sources are important, like in catalytic reactors and combustion systems, because it takes into account activation energy and heat generating effects. The findings indicate that when the value of the interphase heat transmission factor increases, the solid phaseâs temperature profile and liquid phase heat transfer rate drop.