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6CCVD Research

Hydrogen Generation from the Hydrolysis of Diamond-Wire Sawing Silicon Waste Powder Vibration-Ground with KCl

At a Glance

Section titled “At a Glance”
MetadataDetails
Publication Date2025-01-08
JournalMolecules
AuthorsZhicheng Li, Tao Zhou, Jiali Liao, Xiufeng Li, Wenhui Ma
InstitutionsYunnan University, Kunming University of Science and Technology
Citations2
AnalysisFull AI Review Included

Technical Documentation & Analysis: Hydrogen Generation from DSSW Hydrolysis

Section titled “Technical Documentation & Analysis: Hydrogen Generation from DSSW Hydrolysis”

This document analyzes the research concerning enhanced hydrogen generation from Diamond-Wire Sawing Silicon Waste (DSSW) via vibration grinding with KCl. As an expert material scientist and technical sales engineer for 6CCVD, this analysis highlights the material science challenges addressed in the paper and connects them directly to 6CCVD’s advanced MPCVD diamond solutions (SCD, PCD, BDD) for researchers and engineers.

Executive Summary

Section titled “Executive Summary”

The research successfully demonstrates a highly efficient method for converting silicon waste (DSSW) into hydrogen gas, addressing significant resource utilization and environmental challenges.

  • Core Achievement: Enhanced hydrolysis efficiency of DSSW powder through mechanical activation via vibration grinding with Potassium Chloride (KCl).
  • Optimal Recipe: Best performance achieved using DSSW-KCl 25 wt% composite powder, ground for 180 s (3 minutes).
  • High Yield & Rate: Optimal conditions resulted in a hydrogen yield of 86.1% and an Initial Hydrogen Generation Rate (IHGR) of 399.37 mL min⁻Âč (g DSSW)⁻Âč.
  • Ultra-Rapid Kinetics: At an elevated temperature (338 K), the reaction achieved an IHGR of 1383.6 mL min⁻Âč (g DSSW)⁻Âč, reaching 85% conversion in just 100 s.
  • Mechanism Insight: KCl acts synergistically by increasing surface roughness (19.613 mÂČ g⁻Âč), reducing particle size, and forming a mixed alkali solution (KOH/NaOH) that promotes chemical reaction control during the rapid phase.
  • Kinetic Barrier: The apparent activation energy for the rapid reaction phase was determined to be low, at 45.62 kJ mol⁻Âč.

Technical Specifications

Section titled “Technical Specifications”
ParameterValueUnitContext
Optimal Grinding Agent Content25wt%KCl addition level
Optimal Grinding Duration180sTime for minimum particle size/maximum roughness
Maximum Hydrogen Yield86.1%Achieved within 650 s at 318 K
Optimal IHGR (Initial Rate)399.37mL min⁻Âč (g DSSW)⁻ÂčAt 318 K
Ultra-Rapid IHGR1383.6mL min⁻Âč (g DSSW)⁻ÂčAt 338 K
High-Temperature Conversion Time100sTime to reach 85% yield at 338 K
Apparent Activation Energy (Ea)45.62kJ mol⁻ÂčChemical reaction control phase
Optimal Specific Surface Area19.613mÂČ g⁻ÂčDSSW-KCl 25 wt% sample
NaOH Solution Concentration0.5mol L⁻ÂčUsed for hydrolysis reaction
Temperature Range Tested308 to 338K35 °C to 65 °C (approx.)

Key Methodologies

Section titled “Key Methodologies”

The study utilized mechanical activation and kinetic analysis to optimize the hydrolysis reaction:

  1. Material Sourcing: Diamond-Wire Sawing Silicon Waste (DSSW) powder (92.2% purity) was used as the primary reactant.
  2. Composite Synthesis: DSSW was mixed with various grinding agents (KCl, NaCl, CaCl₂, ZnCl₂, CuCl₂) at 25 wt% concentration.
  3. Mechanical Activation: A GJ-1B vibration grinding machine was employed to synthesize the composite powders, with grinding durations varied from 60 s to 300 s.
  4. Hydrolysis Reaction: Experiments were conducted in a self-assembled hydrogen generation system using a 50 mL double-necked reaction flask immersed in a constant-temperature water bath (308 K to 338 K).
  5. Reactants: Approximately 0.03 g of composite powder was reacted with 10 mL of 0.5 mol L⁻Âč NaOH solution.
  6. Characterization:
    • Phase Analysis: X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to confirm Si and KCl phases and analyze crystallite size reduction.
    • Morphology: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze particle size, surface roughness, and elemental distribution (K, Si, Cl).
  7. Kinetic Modeling: The shrinking core non-reactive core model was applied to determine the rate-determining step (chemical reaction control vs. diffusion control) and calculate the apparent activation energy (Ea).

6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities

Section titled “6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities”

The research highlights the critical role of material processing, extreme wear resistance, and precise kinetic control in advanced energy applications. 6CCVD provides the foundational MPCVD diamond materials necessary to replicate, scale, and extend this type of high-performance research.

Research Requirement/Challenge6CCVD Solution & MaterialTechnical Advantage
Extreme Abrasive ProcessingPolycrystalline Diamond (PCD) PlatesPCD offers unparalleled hardness and wear resistance, ideal for lining industrial-scale vibration grinding equipment or manufacturing high-durability grinding media, ensuring minimal contamination and maximum lifespan.
High-Temperature/Corrosive ReactorsSingle Crystal Diamond (SCD) SubstratesSCD provides the highest thermal conductivity and chemical inertness, crucial for maintaining stable reaction kinetics in aggressive, high-temperature (up to 338 K) NaOH solutions.
Next-Generation Electrochemical H₂Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) ElectrodesBDD is highly stable in strong alkali solutions (NaOH/KOH) and offers a wide electrochemical window, making it the optimal material for future research extending DSSW utilization into electrochemical hydrogen generation or sensing.
Precision Kinetic MeasurementOptical Grade SCD WafersSCD wafers (Ra < 1nm) can be used as highly stable, inert windows or substrates for in-situ spectroscopic analysis of the reaction interface, providing deeper kinetic insights than bulk powder analysis.
Custom Component IntegrationCustom Dimensions & Metalization6CCVD offers custom plates/wafers up to 125mm (PCD) and internal metalization (Au, Pt, Ti, W) for integrating diamond components directly into specialized lab reactors or thermal control systems.

Engineering Support

Section titled “Engineering Support”

The successful activation of silicon waste relies on precise control over surface morphology, particle size, and chemical environment—complex material science challenges. 6CCVD’s in-house PhD team specializes in the material properties and surface engineering of diamond and silicon-based systems. We can assist researchers in material selection and design optimization for similar Hydrogen Generation or Waste-to-Resource projects, ensuring the highest performance and longevity of critical components.

For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly. We ship globally (DDU default, DDP available).

View Original Abstract

Diamond-wire sawing silicon waste (DSSW) derived from the silicon wafer sawing process may lead to resource waste and environmental issues if not properly utilized. This paper propounds a simple technique aimed at enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen production from DSSW. The hydrolysis reaction is found to become faster when DSSW is ground. Among the studied grinding agents, KCl has the best performance. The grinding duration and addition amount remarkably affect the final hydrogen yield and initial hydrogen generation rate (IHGR). Among all studied samples, DSSW-KCl 25 wt% ground for 3 min shows the best performance with a hydrogen yield of 86.1% and an IHGR of 399.37 mL min−1 (g DSSW)−1 within 650 s. The initial temperature is also found to have a significant influence on the hydrolysis of the DSSW-KCl mixture, and the reaction can proceed to 85% conversion in 100 s with an IHGR of 1383.6 mL min−1 (g DSSW)−1 at 338 K. The apparent activation energy for the hydrolysis reaction of the DSSW-KCl composite powder was found to be 45.62 kJ mol−1 by means of an Arrhenius plot. The rate-determining step for the rapid reaction of DSSW to produce hydrogen is chemical reaction control, while the slow reaction is controlled by diffusion.

Tech Support

Section titled “Tech Support”

Original Source

Section titled “Original Source”

References

Section titled “References”
  1. 2007 - World energy analysis: H2 now or later? [Crossref]
  2. 2009 - Hydrogen generation by aluminum corrosion in seawater promoted by suspensions of aluminum hydroxide [Crossref]
  3. 2008 - Renewable hydrogen production [Crossref]
  4. 2008 - Hydrolysis of ball milling Al-Bi-hydride and Al-Bi-salt mixture for hydrogen generation [Crossref]
  5. 2024 - Biohydrogen production from solar and wind assisted af-mec coupled with mfc, pem electrolysis of H2O and H2 fuel cell for small-scale applications [Crossref]
  6. 2002 - Hydrogen as a fuel and its storage for mobility and transport [Crossref]
  7. 2007 - Metal hydride materials for solid hydrogen storage: A review [Crossref]
  8. 2009 - A novel method for generating hydrogen by hydrolysis of highly activated aluminum nanoparticles in pure water [Crossref]
  9. 2005 - Activation of aluminum metal and its reaction with water [Crossref]
  10. 2016 - Ball-milled si powder for the production of H2 from water for fuel cell applications [Crossref]

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