Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of XP-Endo Finisher, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and Sonic Activation on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Bioceramic Sealer to Root Dentin
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2023-05-16 |
| Journal | Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research |
| Authors | Divya Mandlecha, S. R. Srinidhi |
| Institutions | ACPM Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Analysis and Documentation: High-Precision Material Preparation for Biomedical Research
Section titled âTechnical Analysis and Documentation: High-Precision Material Preparation for Biomedical ResearchâSource Paper: Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of XP-Endo Finisher, Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and Sonic Activation on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Bioceramic Sealer to Root Dentin (Mandlecha & Srinidhi S R, 2023).
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive SummaryâThis research highlights the critical role of advanced mechanical activation techniques in maximizing the adhesion (Push-Out Bond Strength, POBS) of bioceramic sealers in complex root canal systems. The study provides key insights relevant to high-precision material science and advanced tooling:
- Superior Adhesion: The XP-Endo Finisher activation method achieved significantly higher POBS values (up to 4.48 ± 0.43 MPa) compared to Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) and Sonic Activation.
- Precision Sample Preparation: Accurate material testing relied on the use of a water-cooled diamond saw to section samples horizontally into highly uniform 1 mm thick slices at specific depths (4, 7, and 10 mm).
- Material Requirements: The success of the preparation and testing phases mandates the use of ultra-hard, dimensionally stable materials for cutting tools and high-wear components.
- Activation Mechanism: The superior performance of the XP-Endo Finisher is attributed to its unique Martensite-Austenite phase transformation and elliptical movement, enabling better smear layer removal and irrigant access in the critical apical third.
- 6CCVD Value Proposition: 6CCVD specializes in MPCVD diamond materials (SCD/PCD) essential for manufacturing the next generation of high-precision cutting tools and wear-resistant components required for advanced biomedical research and device manufacturing.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following hard data points were extracted, focusing on the mechanical and operational parameters critical to the studyâs findings:
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum POBS (Group 1, 4mm) | 4.48 ± 0.43 | MPa | XP-Endo Finisher, Apical Third |
| Minimum POBS (Group 3, 4mm) | 1.46 ± 0.31 | MPa | Sonic Activation, Apical Third |
| XP-Endo Finisher Speed | 800 | rpm | Activation protocol |
| XP-Endo Finisher Torque | 1 | N/cm | Activation protocol |
| Sonic Activation Frequency | 0.166-0.3 | kHz | Endoactivator operating range |
| PUI Tip Size | 30 | N/A | i-SuperTip size |
| Sample Section Thickness | 1 | mm | Horizontal slices for POBS testing |
| POBS Crosshead Speed | 0.5 | mm/min | Universal testing machine parameter |
| Plunger Diameter (Apical) | 0.5 | mm | Used for 4 mm slices |
| Plunger Diameter (Coronal) | 0.8 | mm | Used for 10 mm slices |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe experiment relied on precise material preparation and controlled mechanical activation protocols:
- Sample Preparation: 36 maxillary anterior teeth were decoronated and standardized to 16 mm root length. Working length was established using a #15K file.
- Biomechanical Preparation (BMP): All samples were prepared using Protaper Universal files up to size F3.
- Irrigation Protocol: Canals were irrigated with 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% EDTA (3 cycles of 20 seconds each, 5 ml total per irrigant).
- Activation Group Assignment: Samples were divided into three groups (n=12):
- Group 1: XP-Endo Finisher (800 rpm, 1 min).
- Group 2: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) using i-SuperTip (low power, 1 min).
- Group 3: Sonic Activation using Endoactivator (1 min).
- Obturation and Storage: Specimens were filled with Cerafill RCS bioceramic sealer and stored in 100% humidity for 2 weeks.
- Precision Sectioning: Samples were sectioned horizontally using a water-cooled diamond saw at 4 mm, 7 mm, and 10 mm depths to produce 1 mm thick slices.
- Push-Out Bond Strength (POBS) Testing: POBS was measured using a universal testing machine with specific plunger diameters (0.5 mm to 0.8 mm) applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & CapabilitiesâThis research underscores the necessity of high-performance materials for both precision sample preparation and the development of next-generation biomedical tools. 6CCVD offers specialized MPCVD diamond solutions that directly address these engineering requirements.
Applicable Materials for Tooling and Research
Section titled âApplicable Materials for Tooling and Researchâ| Application Area | 6CCVD Material Recommendation | Technical Rationale & Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Precision Cutting & Sectioning | Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) Plates | Required for manufacturing high-wear, water-cooled diamond saws used to create the precise 1 mm slices. PCD offers superior abrasion resistance and dimensional stability compared to conventional abrasives. |
| High-Wear Activation Tips | Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) or PCD Coatings | SCD offers extreme hardness and low friction for manufacturing the next generation of ultrasonic or rotary endodontic files (e.g., XP-Endo Finisher equivalents) requiring minimal dentin removal and maximum longevity. |
| Advanced Disinfection/Sensing | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Wafers | BDD electrodes are ideal for electrochemical applications, capable of generating powerful oxidizers (like hydroxyl radicals) for superior root canal disinfection, potentially replacing or augmenting chemical irrigants like NaOCl. |
Customization Potential for Biomedical Engineering
Section titled âCustomization Potential for Biomedical EngineeringâThe precision required in this study (e.g., 1 mm slice thickness, specific plunger diameters) mirrors the need for highly customized components in advanced engineering and research.
- Custom Dimensions: 6CCVD provides SCD and PCD plates/wafers up to 125 mm in diameter, allowing for the fabrication of large-scale diamond cutting wheels or custom tool inserts.
- Ultra-High Purity SCD: We offer SCD material with thicknesses ranging from 0.1 ”m to 500 ”m, suitable for high-frequency ultrasonic components where material purity and acoustic properties are paramount.
- Precision Polishing: For tools requiring minimal friction or specific surface energy (like the XP-Endo Finisher), 6CCVD guarantees surface roughness (Ra) of < 1 nm for SCD and < 5 nm for inch-size PCD.
- Custom Metalization: We offer in-house metalization services (Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, Cu) for integrating diamond components into complex electromechanical systems, such as ultrasonic scalers or BDD electrochemical reactors.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering Supportâ6CCVDâs in-house PhD team specializes in applying CVD diamond properties (thermal, mechanical, electrochemical) to solve complex engineering challenges. We can assist researchers and manufacturers in selecting the optimal diamond grade and geometry for similar high-precision cutting, high-wear tooling, or advanced electrochemical disinfection projects.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Complexities of root canal system necessitate the use of irrigation along with their activation to achieve complete cleaning. Common methods include sonic and ultrasonic activation of the irrigants. A newer rotary file system, XP-Endofinisher has the advantage of elliptical movement resulting in efficient cleaning. 24 single canalled maxillary anterior teeth were selected and divided into 3 groups, Group 1- XP (n=12), Group 2- PUI (n=12), Group 3 - Endoactivator (n=12). All samples were prepared with Protaper Universal files and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite & 17% EDTA. In Group 1- XP-Endofinisher at 800rpm for 1 min; Group 2- i-SuperTip in EMS scaler for 1 min; Group 3- Endoactivator for 1 min. Specimens were filled with Cerafill and then sectioned horizontally with a water-cooled diamond saw at depths of 4, 7 and 10mm to produce 1mm slices. POBS was performed, bond strength in MPa was obtained after dividing the load at failure by the area of the bonded interface. POBS of Cerafill to root dentin of Group 1 was significantly more than that of Group 2 and 3 (pâ€0.05) at all three levels. Group 2 was better than 3 at all levels but difference was not significant. In Group 1, POBS was significantly more at 4mm compared to 7mm and 10mm (pâ€0.05). Use of XP- Endo Finisher after biomechanical preparation improves the POBS of bioceramic based sealer to root dentin at 4, 7 and 10mm. POBS of sealer after PUI was marginally better than Endoactivator at all levels.