Special Section on 2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2023-03-21 |
| Journal | Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage |
| Authors | Leela Mohana Reddy Arava, Dibakar Datta, Wilson K. S. Chiu |
| Institutions | New Jersey Institute of Technology, University of Connecticut |
| Citations | 1 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
6CCVD Technical Documentation & Analysis: 2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Section titled â6CCVD Technical Documentation & Analysis: 2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy StorageâThis documentation analyzes the Guest Editorial on â2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion,â focusing on opportunities where 6CCVDâs specialized MPCVD diamond materials (SCD, PCD, BDD) and fabrication capabilities provide direct solutions for advancing the research discussed.
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive Summaryâ- Core Research Focus: The special section addresses critical challenges in electrochemical energy storage (batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells) using novel 2D materials due to their high surface-to-volume ratio.
- Diamond Opportunity: A key review article highlights the application of conductive diamond (Boron-Doped Diamond, BDD) in electrocatalytic reduction, identifying surface modification with metal particles as the primary method for property improvement.
- 6CCVD Material Match: 6CCVD specializes in manufacturing custom BDD wafers and plates, providing the ideal substrate for high-performance electrocatalytic research.
- Integrated Fabrication: We offer internal metalization capabilities (Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, Cu), directly enabling the required metal particle surface modification techniques outlined in the research.
- High-Performance Requirements: The research demands materials exhibiting high reversible capacity, superior specific capacitance, and excellent cycling stabilityâproperties enhanced by the chemical inertness and wide potential window of BDD electrodes.
- Scalability and Precision: 6CCVD supports both fundamental research (high-purity SCD) and large-scale prototyping (PCD wafers up to 125mm) with guaranteed surface roughness (Ra < 1nm for SCD).
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe editorial outlines performance goals and material requirements rather than specific device metrics. The table below summarizes the critical material properties and application contexts relevant to 6CCVDâs offerings.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Material Class Focus | Two-Dimensional (2D) | N/A | Required for high surface-to-volume ratio in energy storage |
| Key Application Area | Electrocatalytic Reduction | N/A | Specific focus for Conductive Diamond (BDD) |
| Modification Technique | Metal Particles (e.g., Au, Pt) | N/A | Used to improve electrochemical properties of diamond surfaces |
| Required Performance 1 | High | N/A | Reversible capacity and rate performance (Li-ion batteries) |
| Required Performance 2 | Highest | N/A | Specific capacitance and scan rate (Supercapacitors) |
| Fuel Cell Challenge | Insufficient Adhesion | N/A | Graphene delamination on PEMs at high temperatures |
| 6CCVD BDD Thickness Range | 0.1”m - 500”m | ”m | Customizable thickness for optimized electrode geometry |
| 6CCVD PCD Size Capability | Up to 125 | mm | Supports large-scale energy storage system prototyping |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe research papers summarized in the editorial utilize various synthesis and modification techniques, many of which require high-quality, stable substrates like those provided by 6CCVD.
- Carbon Nanofiber Synthesis: Preparation of helical carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) via the ethanol flame method for Li-ion battery anodes.
- Biomass-Derived Carbon Activation: Simple and cost-effective generation of porous activated carbon from Palmae plant waste biomass (ALM) for supercapacitors.
- Ternary Composite Fabrication: Creation of electrodes using graphene oxide, polyaniline, and zinc oxide to achieve high specific capacitance.
- Membrane Coating and Stability Testing: Application of graphene coatings onto Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs); research noted failure due to delamination at high temperatures, indicating a need for more robust interfaces.
- Scalable Nanocomposite Synthesis: Use of a simple phase-inversion approach to synthesize mechanically stable, proton-conducting solid electrolytes for fuel cells.
- Electrode Surface Modification: Improvement of conductive diamond electrochemical properties through the precise deposition and integration of metal particles (e.g., Pt, Au) onto the diamond surface.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & Capabilitiesâ6CCVD is uniquely positioned to supply the advanced MPCVD diamond materials necessary to replicate and extend the high-impact research outlined in this Special Section, particularly in the field of electrocatalysis and robust electrode development.
Applicable Materials
Section titled âApplicable Materialsâ| Research Requirement | 6CCVD Material Solution | Key Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Conductive Electrocatalysis | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) | Wide potential window, chemical inertness, and tunable conductivity essential for advanced electrocatalytic reduction studies. |
| Large-Area Electrodes | Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) | Available in plates/wafers up to 125mm, supporting the development of âlarge-scale energy storage systems.â |
| High-Purity Substrates | Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) | Used as highly insulating, thermally stable substrates for fundamental studies of 2D material deposition (e.g., graphene, HCNFs). |
Customization Potential
Section titled âCustomization PotentialâThe research highlights the critical need for surface modification and robust interfaces, areas where 6CCVD offers specialized, in-house capabilities:
- Custom Metalization Services: The improvement of conductive diamond requires employing metal particles to modify the surface. 6CCVD provides precise, internal metalization capabilities, including:
- Standard Stacks: Ti/Pt/Au, Ti/W/Cu, or custom single-layer depositions (Au, Pt, Pd).
- Application: Ideal for creating patterned electrodes, ohmic contacts, or catalytic metal particle layers directly onto BDD wafers.
- Precision Polishing: We offer industry-leading surface quality, ensuring optimal interfaces for 2D material integration:
- SCD surfaces polished to Ra < 1nm.
- Inch-size PCD surfaces polished to Ra < 5nm.
- Custom Dimensions and Thickness: We supply SCD and PCD materials in thicknesses ranging from 0.1”m to 500”m, and substrates up to 10mm, allowing researchers to optimize electrode geometry for specific electrochemical cells.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering Supportâ6CCVDâs commitment extends beyond material supply. Our technical sales team, backed by in-house PhD material scientists, provides expert consultation:
- We can assist researchers in selecting the optimal Boron doping concentration for BDD to maximize conductivity while maintaining the desired electrochemical window for Electrocatalytic Reduction and Advanced Fuel Cell projects.
- We offer guidance on appropriate metalization schemes to ensure robust adhesion and electrical performance, addressing the delamination issues noted in the PEM research.
- We facilitate global logistics, offering reliable DDU default shipping with DDP options available, ensuring seamless delivery of specialized diamond materials to research facilities worldwide.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage and conversion are currently one of the most critical challenges due to the increasing energy demand. Therefore, discovering novel materials to develop low-cost and more efficient energy storage technologies is urgently necessary. Among various novel materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted intensive research activities in multiple fields due to their fascinating physical and chemical properties. The 2D materials having a higher surface-to-volume ratio are beneficial to developing low-cost and large-scale energy storage systems for practical applications. There have been many promising concepts of 2D material-based real-life energy applications recently in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, thermoelectric, triboelectric generators, etc. Despite recent progress, significant efforts are still needed to investigate the fundamentals of 2D materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Over the past few years, there has been substantial progress in modeling, theories, and experimental characterizations of 2D materials for energy storage and conversion. This timely Special Section issue addressed some recent advances in this critical area. We have selected eight papers covering a gamut of electrochemical-centric research in 2D materials for energy storage and conversion.In this issue, Qu et al. reported the electrochemical evaluation of helical carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) prepared by the ethanol flame method as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. Their results show that HCNFs possess high reversible capacity, good rate performance, and excellent cycling stability. Farma et al. investigated a simple and cost-effective method to generate porous carbon activation from Palmae plant waste biomass, namely, areca leaf midrib (ALM). They showed that the electrochemical properties of activated carbon supercapacitor cells derived from ALM biomass have the highest specific capacitance value and scan rate in a two-electrode system. Arumugam et al. discussed a ternary composite made up of graphene oxide, polyaniline, and zinc oxide as an electrode material for supercapacitors with its structural and electrochemical properties. The ternary composite exhibited the highest specific capacitance. Metzger et al. focused on using graphene-coated proton exchange membrane (PEM) to reduce fuel crossover. They found that the adhesion of graphene on PEMs is insufficient for prolonging fuel cell operation, resulting in graphene delamination at high temperatures and higher fuel crossover values compared to lower temperature testing. Zaidi et al. reported the superior performance of graphene nanosheet (GNS) materials over Vulcan XC incorporated as a cathode catalyst in Li-O2 battery. The GNS catalysts demonstrated promising performance at higher current densities and with various organic electrolytes. Pandey et al. synthesized a mechanically stable, proton-conducting, and very cost-effective nanocomposite membrane using a simple and scalable phase-inversion approach. The synthesized proton-conducting nanocomposite membrane was demonstrated as a potential advanced functional solid electrolyte for possible application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Fauzi et al. reported the thermophysical properties of N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride/ethylene glycol-DES (deep eutectic solvent) for the replacement of ionic liquid. They studied the physical properties of DES, which are thermal conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension. Finally, the review article by Zeng et al. provided an overview of the application of conductive diamond in electrocatalytic reduction and outlined the improvement of electrochemical properties by employing metal particles to modify the surface.We believe that this Special Section issue will be a valuable contribution to the energy storage and conversion literature and open new frontiers for researchers. The interdisciplinary field of 2D material-based energy storage is rapidly evolving. Our Special Section issue will motivate many researchers to implement novel techniques, such as artificial intelligence, digital twins, and automated advanced manufacturing, in this field and initiate new collaborations between experimentalists, theorists, and modelers. We would like to thank all contributors to this Special Section issue for submitting their latest high-impact work. Also, special thanks would go out to the invited reviewers for helping us further enhance the quality of the articles.