Temperature evolution of dense gold and diamond heated by energetic laser-driven aluminum ions

At a Glance

Metadata	Details
Publication Date	2022-09-07
Journal	Scientific Reports
Authors	Changhui Song, Soohyung Lee, Woo‐Suk Bang
Institutions	Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
Citations	7
Analysis	Full AI Review Included

Technical Documentation & Analysis: MPCVD Diamond for Warm Dense Matter Research

This documentation analyzes the research paper “Temperature evolution of dense gold and diamond heated by energetic laser-driven aluminum ions” and highlights how 6CCVD’s advanced MPCVD diamond materials and customization capabilities are essential for replicating and extending this high-energy density physics (HEDP) research.

Executive Summary

Core Application: Theoretical study of ultra-rapid, uniform heating of solid-density materials (Gold and Diamond) into the Warm Dense Matter (WDM) regime using energetic laser-driven Aluminum (Al) ion beams.
Material Focus: The study utilized a 15 µm thick diamond sample, demonstrating its suitability as a target material for ion-beam driven WDM experiments.
Heating Mechanism: Heating is achieved by balancing the energy loss of low-energy ions (heating the front surface) and high-energy ions (heating the rear surface), resulting in rapid, near-uniform energy deposition.
Key Achievement: Calculated temperature evolution in diamond reached approximately 1.9 eV (equivalent to ~22,000 K) within 125 ps, while maintaining near-solid density.
Uniformity Control: Heating nonuniformity in the diamond sample peaked at 11.3% mid-process (87 ps) but improved significantly to 5.6% toward the end of the 125 ps heating interval.
6CCVD Relevance: The requirement for precisely controlled, thin (15 µm) diamond wafers is a direct match for 6CCVD’s core capability in manufacturing custom-thickness Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) and Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) plates.

Technical Specifications

The following hard data points were extracted from the analysis concerning the diamond target and heating parameters:

Parameter	Value	Unit	Context
Diamond Sample Thickness	15	µm	Target material for WDM study
Incident Ion Species	Aluminum (Al)	N/A	Laser-driven heating source
Average Ion Kinetic Energy	140 (±33)	MeV	Energy spectrum input for SRIM calculations
Peak Laser Intensity (Source)	2 x 10²⁰	W/cm²	Used to generate the ion beam
Ion Beam Incidence Angle	45	°	Angle relative to the target surface normal
Total Heating Duration Analyzed	0 - 125	ps	Time interval studied
Maximum Diamond Temperature (SESAME 7834)	1.91 (±0.10)	eV	Achieved at 125 ps
Peak Heating Nonuniformity (Diamond)	11.3	%	Occurred at 87 ps
Final Heating Nonuniformity (Diamond)	5.6	%	Achieved at 125 ps (End of heating process)
Diamond Stopping Power (125 ps)	3.81 (±0.21)	MeV/µm	Energy deposition rate

Key Methodologies

The study employed a combination of high-intensity laser physics parameters and established simulation tools to model the WDM heating process:

Ion Beam Generation: An ultrashort laser pulse (2 x 10²⁰ W/cm²) was used to irradiate a 110 nm thick Aluminum foil, generating an energetic Al ion beam with a specific energy spread.
Beam Filtering and Transport: A 5 µm thick Aluminum filter was inserted to block residual laser light and low-energy contaminants (protons < 0.5 MeV; Al ions < 10 MeV).
Target Geometry: The 15 µm diamond sample was positioned 2.37 mm from the ion source and subjected to the beam at a 45° incidence angle.
Stopping Power Calculation: The Monte Carlo simulation code, SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter), was utilized to calculate the energy deposited by the Al ions into the dense diamond target over time.
Temperature Calculation: The temporal evolution of temperature was derived using the calculated energy deposition data in conjunction with the SESAME Equation-of-State (EOS) tables (specifically No. 7830 and No. 7834 for diamond).
Nonuniformity Quantification: Heating nonuniformity was quantitatively defined as the ratio of the standard deviation of the stopping power to the average stopping power, multiplied by 100%.

6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities

This research demonstrates the critical need for high-quality, dimensionally precise diamond materials in cutting-edge HEDP and WDM studies. 6CCVD is uniquely positioned to supply the required MPCVD diamond targets.

Research Requirement	6CCVD Solution & Value Proposition
Precise 15 µm Thickness	Custom Thickness Control (SCD/PCD): The experiment requires extreme precision in thin film fabrication. 6CCVD specializes in manufacturing both SCD and PCD plates with thickness control ranging from 0.1 µm up to 500 µm, ensuring the exact 15 µm thickness needed for accurate ion range and stopping power measurements.
High Purity Diamond Targets	Optical Grade Single Crystal Diamond (SCD): For WDM experiments demanding the highest structural uniformity and minimal defects, our SCD material provides exceptional purity, which is crucial for reliable Equation-of-State (EOS) modeling (e.g., using SESAME tables).
Large Area Targets for HEDP	Scalability and Custom Dimensions: While the paper used small samples, 6CCVD offers PCD plates up to 125 mm in diameter. This capability supports the development of larger-scale experimental platforms or multi-shot arrays necessary for complex HEDP facilities.
Surface Finish for Diagnostics	Ultra-Precision Polishing: Achieving a pristine surface is vital for minimizing diagnostic noise and ensuring uniform energy coupling. We guarantee surface roughness (Ra) of < 1 nm for SCD and < 5 nm for inch-size PCD.
Advanced Material Requirements	Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Capability: For future WDM studies requiring conductive targets, 6CCVD offers custom BDD materials, allowing researchers to incorporate electrical diagnostics or achieve specific plasma conditions.
Custom Target Fabrication	Metalization and Laser Cutting: If the experimental design requires integrated metal layers (e.g., Au, Ti, Pt) for diagnostics or specific target geometries, 6CCVD provides in-house metalization and precision laser cutting services.

Engineering Support

6CCVD’s in-house team of PhD material scientists and engineers can assist researchers in selecting the optimal diamond grade (SCD vs. PCD) and specification (thickness, doping, surface finish) required to replicate or extend this work on Ion-Beam Driven Warm Dense Matter projects. We ensure that the material properties align perfectly with the stringent requirements of SRIM and SESAME modeling inputs.

For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly. Global shipping (DDU default, DDP available) ensures rapid delivery to research facilities worldwide.

Tech Support

Original Source

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18758-9