Millisecond time-resolved synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and high-pressure rapid compression device and its application
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2022-01-01 |
| Journal | Acta Physica Sinica |
| Authors | Bihan Wang, Bing Li, Xuqiang Liu, Hao Wang, Sheng Jiang |
| Citations | 1 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Documentation & Analysis: Dynamic High-Pressure Diamond Anvil Cells
Section titled âTechnical Documentation & Analysis: Dynamic High-Pressure Diamond Anvil CellsâThis document analyzes the research paper âMillisecond time-resolved synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and high-pressure rapid compression device and its applicationâ to highlight the critical role of high-quality Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) anvils and to position 6CCVD as the premier supplier for dynamic high-pressure research.
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive SummaryâThe successful development of a millisecond time-resolved dynamic Diamond Anvil Cell (dDAC) system relies fundamentally on the mechanical integrity and purity of the diamond anvils. This research demonstrates extreme capabilities directly relevant to 6CCVDâs core expertise:
- Ultra-High Pressure Achievement: Pressures exceeding 300 GPa (up to 359 GPa) were achieved using extremely small 20 ”m SCD culets, validating the need for the highest quality SCD material.
- Extreme Strain Rates: The piezoelectric-driven dDAC achieved rapid compression rates up to 13 TPa/s, requiring SCD anvils capable of withstanding massive, rapid mechanical stress.
- Time-Resolved Dynamics: The system integrates dDAC with high-speed Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (XRD), achieving 2 ms time resolution (500 Hz frame rate) to capture non-equilibrium phase transition kinetics.
- Methodological Advancement: The combination of gas membrane and piezoelectric drives provides versatile control over compression and decompression rates, expanding the scope of high-pressure, high-strain-rate research.
- Critical Material Requirement: The success of these experiments hinges on the SCD anvils maintaining structural integrity under these combined extreme conditions (ultra-high pressure, high strain rate, micro-focusing requirements).
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following hard data points were extracted from the paper, illustrating the extreme operating conditions required of the diamond anvils and the experimental setup:
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum Pressure Achieved | 359 | GPa | Piezo-driven dDAC with 20 ”m culet |
| Maximum Compression Rate | 13 | TPa/s | Achieved during rapid loading phase |
| Diamond Culet Sizes Used | 20, 30 | ”m | Used for ultra-high pressure experiments |
| XRD Time Resolution (Minimum) | 2 | ms | Minimum exposure/readout time per frame |
| XRD Frame Rate (Maximum) | 500 | Hz | Continuous data collection |
| X-ray Energy Range | 5 - 20 | keV | Tunable monochromatic X-ray |
| X-ray Flux Density (at 20 keV) | 1010 | photons/”m2/s | Focused spot size 2 ”m x 2 ”m |
| Piezoelectric Drive Voltage (Peak) | 1000 | V | Used to drive rapid compression |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe experiment successfully combined rapid dynamic loading mechanisms with high-speed, micro-focused X-ray diagnostics.
- X-ray Source and Focusing: Utilized the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) BL15U1 beamline, employing a Si(111) Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) and a Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirror system to achieve a micro-focused spot size of 2 ”m x 2 ”m.
- Dynamic Compression (dDAC): Two primary methods were integrated:
- Gas Membrane Drive: Used for large pressure range (up to 60 GPa with 300 ”m culets) and precise, slower control of loading/unloading rates.
- Piezoelectric Ceramic Drive: Used for extremely rapid loading (up to 13 TPa/s) and achieving ultra-high pressures (>300 GPa).
- Pressure Control: The piezoelectric drive was controlled by a high-power controller (0-1100 V output) using programmed waveforms (e.g., triangular or square waves) to dictate the ceramic stack extension rate.
- High-Speed Detection: A Pilatus 3X 900K detector was used, capable of a 500 Hz frame rate, enabling continuous collection of XRD spectra with 2 ms time resolution during the rapid compression phase.
- Sample Environment: Experiments on Rhenium (Re) and Germanium (Ge) utilized the sample material itself as the gasket/pressure medium in some ultra-high pressure tests, requiring the diamond anvils to withstand direct contact with the sample under extreme stress.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & CapabilitiesâThe achievement of 359 GPa and 13 TPa/s compression rates places immense demands on the SCD material quality, purity, and precision machining. 6CCVD specializes in providing the necessary MPCVD diamond solutions to replicate and advance this critical research.
Applicable Materials
Section titled âApplicable MaterialsâTo withstand the combined mechanical and thermal stresses inherent in dDAC experiments, especially those targeting ultra-high pressures and high strain rates, the highest quality SCD is mandatory.
| Research Requirement | 6CCVD Material Recommendation | Technical Justification |
|---|---|---|
| Ultra-High Pressure Anvils (>300 GPa) | Optical Grade Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) | Our SCD is Type IIa equivalent, exhibiting extremely low nitrogen content and high purity, maximizing mechanical strength and minimizing failure risk at micro-culet sizes (20 ”m). |
| Time-Resolved XRD Transparency | High Purity SCD Substrates | SCD offers superior X-ray transparency and minimal background scattering compared to natural diamond, crucial for distinguishing weak diffraction signals in time-resolved experiments. |
| Future P-T Studies (BDD) | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) | For extending dDAC studies to include electrical transport or integrated heating elements, 6CCVD offers BDD films and substrates with controlled doping levels. |
Customization Potential
Section titled âCustomization PotentialâThe paper utilized specialized diamond culet sizes (20 ”m and 30 ”m) and required precise alignment. 6CCVDâs in-house fabrication capabilities ensure exact replication and optimization of these critical components.
- Custom Dimensions: 6CCVD provides SCD plates up to 500 ”m thick, which can be custom laser-cut and polished to any required geometry for DAC/dDAC applications. We routinely produce culets down to 10 ”m size with precise bevel angles and tolerances.
- Precision Polishing: The micro-focused X-ray beam (2 ”m x 2 ”m) demands exceptional surface quality. We guarantee Ra < 1 nm polishing for SCD anvils, ensuring optimal X-ray transmission and minimal surface defects that could lead to catastrophic failure under ultra-high pressure.
- Metalization Services: While the reported experiment focused on compression, future extensions (e.g., high-temperature dDAC) require integrated heating or sensing elements. 6CCVD offers custom metalization stacks (e.g., Ti/Pt/Au, W, Cu) directly on the diamond surface for electrical contacts or resistive heating.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering Supportâ6CCVDâs in-house team of PhD material scientists and engineers possesses deep expertise in MPCVD diamond growth and high-pressure applications. We offer comprehensive support:
- Material Selection: Assistance in selecting the optimal SCD grade, orientation, and thickness to maximize the pressure limit and lifetime of anvils for specific Dynamic High-Pressure XRD projects.
- Design Optimization: Consultation on culet geometry, bevel design, and substrate dimensions to improve stability and alignment in complex dDAC systems (piezoelectric or gas membrane driven).
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Non-equilibrium transition dynamics under high pressure depends on temperature, pressure and (de)compression rate. The studies require combination of time-resolved probe and rapid compression device on different time scales. Here we report the time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) system, which were recently developed at the BL15U1 beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). There are two rapid loading methods for dDAC. One uses membrane control and the other is piezoelectric actuator driven dDAC. Both methods can dynamically compress the DAC sample chamber up to 300 GPa on millisecond scale (20 ÎŒm culet is used), and the time-resolved XRD data are obtained correspondingly. A new type of piezoelectric ceramic dDAC is designed with single-side drive or double-side drive, which allows us to realize extremely high pressure (above 300 GPa) with a fast compression rate of 13 TPa/s. During the rapid compression process, the X-ray diffraction spectra are collected continuously and simultaneously. The XRD detector is Pilatus 3X 900K, which has 2-ms resolution with 500 kHz frame rate. The millisecond time-resolved XRD and high pressure rapid compression system developed at BL15U1 of SSRF enrich the high-pressure experimental methods and enable the beamline to carry out ultra-high pressure experiments, non-equilibrium phase transition and relevant scientific researches.