A comparative analysis of the frequency spectra of the human eye and a cut diamond in visible light
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2021-12-07 |
| Journal | Scientific and technical journal of information technologies mechanics and optics |
| Authors | S. I. Zienko, Đ. Đ. ĐĐ±Đ°ĐœĐŸĐČĐ° |
| Institutions | Moscow Power Engineering Institute |
| Citations | 2 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Analysis and Documentation: Diamond as an Ultra-Wideband Optical Medium
Section titled âTechnical Analysis and Documentation: Diamond as an Ultra-Wideband Optical Mediumâ6CCVD Reference Document: Zienko S.I., Zhbanova V.L. A comparative analysis of the frequency spectra of the human eye and a cut diamond in visible light. Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 2021, vol. 21, no 6, pp. 828-836.
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive SummaryâThis research validates the exceptional optical and dynamic properties of diamond, positioning it as a critical material for advanced bio-optics and high-speed photodetector applications.
- Core Finding: Diamondâs optical medium and the human eyeâs visibility curve exhibit highly similar frequency spectra characteristics, both classified as Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals ($\mu$ up to 0.75).
- Light Amplification: Both diamond and the eye demonstrate significant light amplification properties (Power Gain $k$ up to 1.41) when the spectral width is below a critical threshold ($\Delta f_{cr} = 0.47 \times 10^{15}$ Hz).
- Dynamic Modeling: The optical environment of diamond is accurately modeled as a âdynamic linkâ system, allowing for analysis of its inertial properties in the femtosecond (fs) time domain (Pulse Duration $t_{0.5}$ $\approx$ 1.2-1.35 fs).
- Bio-Optical Relevance: The findings reinforce the use of diamond as a superior, biocompatible material for artificial eye lenses (corneal/lens replacement), offering high refractive index and excellent visual quality.
- Photodetector Applications: The established UWB characteristics and amplification properties confirm diamondâs suitability as a standard material for the development of next-generation matrix photodetectors.
- Material Equivalence: The comparison of light amplification factors ($k$) shows only an insignificant difference between the optical properties of the human eye and diamond.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following hard data points were extracted from the comparative analysis of the spectral curves for diamond and the human eyeâs visibility curve.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation Wavelength ($\lambda_B$) | 532 | nm | Continuous wave laser source |
| Luminescence Measurement Range ($\lambda$) | 530 - 800 | nm | Spectrum analysis range |
| Ultra-Wideband Index ($\mu$) - Diamond | 0.75 | Dimensionless | Calculated from luminescence spectrum |
| Ultra-Wideband Index ($\mu$) - Day Vision | 0.72 | Dimensionless | Calculated from visibility curve |
| Ultra-Wideband Index ($\mu$) - Night Vision | 0.56 | Dimensionless | Calculated from visibility curve |
| Light Amplification Factor ($k$) - Diamond | 1.41 | Dimensionless | Power gain of the dynamic link |
| Light Amplification Factor ($k$) - Day Vision | 1.24 | Dimensionless | Power gain of the dynamic link |
| Light Amplification Factor ($k$) - Night Vision | 1.38 | Dimensionless | Power gain of the dynamic link |
| Critical Frequency ($\Delta f_{cr}$) | 0.47 x 1015 | Hz | Spectral width threshold for $k$ > 1 |
| Pulse Duration ($t_{0.5}$) | 1.2 - 1.35 | fs | Time domain response (Femtosecond range) |
| Dielectric Relaxation Time ($\tau_{\epsilon}$) | $\approx$ 3$\tau_r$ | Time | Time required for electrical neutrality restoration |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe analysis relies on modeling the optical media as a dynamic system and employing Fourier analysis to connect time-domain inertial properties with frequency-domain spectral characteristics.
- Dynamic Link Modeling: The optical environment of both the faceted diamond and the human eye was represented as a dynamic link system with defined input and output signals.
- Spectral Approximation: Spectral curves (luminescence for diamond, visibility for the eye) were approximated using the Gaussian function to simplify analysis.
- Luminescence Measurement: Diamond luminescence spectra were registered at room temperature using a spectrometer-fluorimeter (RAOS-3), excited by a 532 nm continuous wave laser.
- Time Domain Analysis: Inertial properties were studied by applying $\delta$-function or unit function signals to the dynamic link input, yielding the impulse response $g(t)$ and transient response $h(t)$.
- Frequency Domain Derivation: Frequency characteristics were determined by calculating the direct Fourier transform of the time function $g(t)$.
- UWB Index Calculation: The Ultra-Wideband index ($\mu$) was calculated based on the ratio of the frequency bandwidth ($\Delta f$) at half-maximum to the carrier frequency ($f_r$).
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & CapabilitiesâThe research highlights the need for high-quality, large-area diamond materials for both advanced bio-optical implants and matrix photodetector arrays. 6CCVD is uniquely positioned to supply the necessary MPCVD diamond substrates and customization services required to replicate and extend this research.
Applicable Materials for Replication and Extension
Section titled âApplicable Materials for Replication and ExtensionâTo achieve the high optical purity and structural integrity required for bio-optical lenses and sensitive photodetectors, 6CCVD recommends the following materials:
| Application Focus | Recommended 6CCVD Material | Key Material Specification |
|---|---|---|
| Artificial Eye Lenses (Bio-Optics) | Optical Grade Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) | Highest purity (low N/B content) for minimal scattering and superior optical transmission in the visible spectrum (530-800 nm). |
| Matrix Photodetectors | Optical Grade Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) | Required for large-area arrays. Available in wafers up to 125mm diameter, providing the necessary UWB characteristics. |
| High-Speed UWB Devices | Thin Film SCD/PCD | Thickness control down to 0.1 ”m for optimizing femtosecond pulse response ($t_{0.5}$ $\approx$ 1.2-1.35 fs) and dielectric relaxation properties. |
Customization Potential for Advanced Devices
Section titled âCustomization Potential for Advanced DevicesâThe development of matrix photodetectors and custom optical components requires precise engineering beyond standard wafers. 6CCVD offers comprehensive in-house customization capabilities:
- Custom Dimensions: We supply large-area PCD plates/wafers up to 125mm in diameter, ideal for scaling up matrix photodetector arrays.
- Precision Polishing: Achieving the required optical performance (especially for lens applications) demands ultra-smooth surfaces. 6CCVD guarantees Ra < 1 nm for SCD and Ra < 5 nm for inch-size PCD.
- Thickness Control: We provide SCD and PCD materials with precise thickness control ranging from 0.1 ”m to 500 ”m, and robust substrates up to 10 mm thick for structural components like artificial lenses.
- Integrated Metalization: For creating electrode contacts on photodetectors, 6CCVD offers internal metalization services, including deposition of Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, and Cu layers, ensuring seamless integration with device fabrication processes.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering SupportâThe complex analysis presented in this paperâinvolving dynamic link modeling, UWB signal processing, and femtosecond time responseârequires specialized material knowledge.
6CCVDâs in-house PhD team provides expert consultation to assist engineers and scientists with material selection, doping strategies (e.g., Boron-Doped Diamond, BDD, for conductive applications), and optimization of diamond properties for similar Bio-Optical and UWB Signal Processing projects.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
The paper investigates the frequency characteristics of the spectra of a human eye and a faceted diamond (brilliant). The nrelevance of the research deals with a large number of modern studies on the use of diamond as a lens of the eye. The results obtained were compared with the averaged data (described in the literature) on the visibility curve of day, evening and night vision of the human eye. The research method is based on the representation of the optical environment of the human eye and diamond in the form of a dynamic link with an input and output. The Gaussian function is used to approximate the spectral curves. The study of the inertial properties of such a link in the time domain is performed by feeding signals to its input in the form of a ÎŽ-function or a unit function. The steady-state forced oscillations at the output of the investigated dynamic link are found when a harmonic action is applied to the input. Frequency characteristics discover a relationship between the spectra of the input and output signals, representing the direct Fourier transform of the function of time. It was found that the spectra of the visibility of the human eye and the luminescent radiation of diamond have the properties of ultra-wideband signals. It is shown that the amplification of light takes place in the time domain when the width of the spectrum at its half-maximum does not exceed a certain critical value. This phenomenon also manifests itself in the frequency domain. It was revealed that the dynamic links of diamond and human eyes for day and night vision exhibit amplifying properties. Their comparison in terms of the light amplification factor showed their insignificant difference. The results obtained can find application in the creation of matrix photodetectors and as a standard in identifying a faceted diamond (brilliant) of unknown origin and producing a lens from a diamond.