Effect of Alternative Self-Etch Applications on Dentin Bond Strength of “No Wait Concept” Universal Adhesives
At a Glance
Section titled “At a Glance”| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2021-02-15 |
| Journal | Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences |
| Authors | Tuğba SERİN KALAY, Beyza Zaim |
| Institutions | Karadeniz Technical University |
| Citations | 4 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Analysis and Documentation: Precision Diamond for Biomedical Sample Preparation
Section titled “Technical Analysis and Documentation: Precision Diamond for Biomedical Sample Preparation”Executive Summary
Section titled “Executive Summary”This research paper, focusing on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of dental adhesives, highlights the critical need for ultra-precision material processing, specifically diamond tooling, to achieve reproducible results in biomedical testing.
- Core Achievement: The study successfully quantified the significant impact of application time and mode on the bond strength of “no wait” universal adhesives, rejecting the null hypothesis.
- Key Engineering Requirement: The methodology relied on a low-speed diamond saw (Micracut 125) to consistently cut bonded teeth into highly precise 1mm2 sections for µTBS testing.
- Highest Performance: G-Premio Bond (GPB) achieved the highest µTBS (23.11 MPa) under Active Application (AA), demonstrating the material science challenge of optimizing resin infiltration.
- Material Environment: The testing involved exposing materials to highly acidic self-etch solutions (pH 1.5-2.3) and subsequent storage in 37°C distilled water, demanding chemically inert and durable tooling.
- 6CCVD Value Proposition: 6CCVD specializes in the MPCVD Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) required for manufacturing the high-precision, low-wear diamond cutting wheels and abrasive surfaces essential for replicating and advancing this type of rigorous material science research.
- Conclusion: Prolonged application time significantly improved bond strength across all tested adhesives (p<0.005), emphasizing that material interaction kinetics are crucial, mirroring the precision required in sample preparation.
Technical Specifications
Section titled “Technical Specifications”The following parameters were critical to the experimental setup and results, demonstrating the need for highly controlled material processing and testing environments.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Section Size | 1 | mm2 | Cross-section of dentin/resin beam for µTBS testing |
| Tensile Crosshead Speed | 1 | mm/min | Rate of force application during microtensile test |
| Sample Storage Condition | 37 | °C | Storage temperature in distilled water (24 hours) |
| Dentin Surface Preparation | 600 | grit | SiC paper used to create standardized smear layer |
| Adhesive pH Range | 1.5 - 2.3 | N/A | Highly acidic environment of self-etch adhesives |
| Highest µTBS Achieved | 23.11 ± 6.30 | MPa | G-Premio Bond (GPB) with Active Application (AA) |
| Lowest µTBS Achieved | 11.97 ± 2.69 | MPa | Tokuyama Universal Bond (TUB) with Active Application (AA) |
| Failure Analysis Magnification | 40x | N/A | Stereomicroscope magnification for fracture mode classification |
Key Methodologies
Section titled “Key Methodologies”The study’s success hinges on highly controlled sample preparation, particularly the use of precision diamond cutting tools.
- Sample Preparation: Extracted human third molars were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin.
- Initial Dentin Exposure: The occlusal third was removed using a low-speed diamond saw (Micracut 125) under running water.
- Surface Standardization: Flat dentin surfaces were prepared using 600-grit SiC paper to create a standardized smear layer.
- Adhesive Application: Three universal adhesives (CUQ, GPB, TUB) were applied using three modes:
- IA (Immediate Application): Applied and immediately air-dried.
- PA (Prolonged Application): Applied followed by a 10-second wait.
- AA (Active Application): Rubbed for 10 seconds.
- Composite Application: Two 2-mm layers of composite resin were applied and light cured (10s per layer).
- Storage: Bonded teeth were stored in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours.
- Precision Sectioning: All bonded teeth were cut into 1mm2 sections using the low-speed diamond saw under running water (n=15 sections per subgroup).
- Mechanical Testing: Sections were subjected to tensile force at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min to measure µTBS values.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled “6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities”The rigorous sample preparation required for this microtensile bond strength study—specifically the precision cutting of 1mm2 sections—demonstrates a direct application for 6CCVD’s high-quality MPCVD diamond materials. Our products ensure the consistency and durability necessary for advanced biomedical and material science research tools.
| Research Requirement | 6CCVD Material Recommendation | Customization & Value Proposition |
|---|---|---|
| Ultra-Precision Cutting (1mm2 beams) | Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) Wafers | 6CCVD supplies PCD wafers up to 125mm diameter, ideal for manufacturing high-precision, low-kerf diamond cutting wheels (like those used in the Micracut 125). Our PCD ensures minimal material loss and maximum sectioning accuracy. |
| Durable Abrasive Surfaces (Dentin preparation) | PCD Plates / Custom Abrasives | For applications requiring highly controlled surface roughness, 6CCVD provides PCD materials with superior wear resistance compared to SiC. We offer polishing capabilities down to Ra < 5nm for inch-size PCD, ensuring reproducible surface preparation protocols. |
| Chemical Inertness (Acidic/Aqueous exposure) | High Purity MPCVD Diamond | Diamond is chemically inert and highly resistant to the acidic (pH 1.5-2.3) and aqueous environments used in dental material testing, guaranteeing tool longevity and preventing contamination. |
| Custom Tooling Geometry | Custom Dimensions and Laser Cutting | If specialized diamond blade geometries are required for micro-sectioning, 6CCVD offers custom dimensions (thicknesses 0.1µm - 500µm) and in-house laser cutting services to meet exact equipment specifications. |
| Integration with Sensors/Electronics | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) & Metalization | While not explicitly used for cutting, BDD electrodes or metalized SCD/PCD plates (with Au, Pt, Ti, etc.) can be integrated into future testing apparatuses for electrochemical monitoring or sensor applications within the 37°C aqueous environment. |
Engineering Support
Section titled “Engineering Support”6CCVD’s in-house PhD team provides expert consultation on material selection for precision machining, biomedical sample preparation, and high-wear applications. We assist engineers in selecting the optimal diamond grade (SCD or PCD) and geometry to maximize tool life and experimental reproducibility in projects involving Microtensile Bond Strength or similar high-precision material testing.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of alternative self-etch application modes on resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of three commercially available “no wait” concept universal adhesives. Materials and methods: In this study extracted impacted non-carious human third molars were used. The flat surfaces were prepared in mid-coronal dentin and prepared with a 600-grit SiC paper. The three universal adhesives that were used are as follows: Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CUQ, Kuraray Noritake, Japan), G-Premio Bond (GPB, GC Corp, Japan), and a self-curing universal adhesive “Tokuyama Universal Bond” (TUB; Tokuyama Dental, Japan). The following three different application procedures were used for the dentin surfaces: the adhesives were applied and immediately subjected to air-dry; the adhesives were applied followed by a 10-second wait; or the adhesives were rubbed for 10 seconds. Then composite resin was applied to the dentin surface and light cured. After storage in 37°C distilled water for 24 h, all the bonded teeth were cut into 1mm² sections using a low-speed diamond saw (Micracut 125 Low Speed Precision Cutter, Metkon, Bursa, Turkey) under running water (n=15). The sections were subjected to a tensile force at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min in a testing apparatus (Microtensile Tester, Bisco, IL, USA) and µTBS values were measured. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Results: Prolonged application time significantly affected the µTBS (p<0.005). A significant increase of µTBS on active application was observed for CUQ and GPB. The TUB with an active application had a significantly lower µTBS value compared with the other adhesives. Conclusions: Prolonged application time caused significant improvement of bond strength in all adhesives. The active application is effective at increasing the dentin bond strength except for TUB.