COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GINGIVAL DEPIGMENTATION USING SCALPEL/ ELECTROCAUTERY/ DIAMOND BUR/ DIODE LASER. A CASE REPORT
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2020-11-15 |
| Journal | GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS |
| Authors | Priyanka Agarwal, Mudda Jayashree, P. Veena, Desai Shrikar, Ansari T. Sobia |
| Institutions | Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences |
| Citations | 1 |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Documentation & Analysis: High-Performance Diamond for Periodontal Surgery
Section titled âTechnical Documentation & Analysis: High-Performance Diamond for Periodontal SurgeryâExecutive Summary
Section titled âExecutive SummaryâThis documentation analyzes a comparative study on gingival depigmentation techniques, highlighting the critical role of advanced materials in enabling high-precision surgical tools, specifically Diode Lasers and Diamond Burs.
- Application Focus: Comparative evaluation of four gingival depigmentation techniques (Scalpel, Electrocautery, Diamond Bur, Diode Laser) for periodontal plastic surgery.
- Key Finding: Diode Laser (980 nm) and Scalpel techniques resulted in superior initial healing and minimal post-operative pain compared to Electrocautery and Diamond Bur abrasion.
- Laser Parameters: The Diode Laser was operated at 980 nm wavelength in a gated pulsed mode, requiring robust thermal management for stable, high-power output.
- Diamond Bur Performance: The Diamond Bur technique, while economical, resulted in delayed healing and persistent granulation tissue, suggesting a need for higher precision, lower-trauma abrasive materials.
- 6CCVD Value Proposition: 6CCVD provides high-thermal-conductivity Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) substrates essential for heat sinking in high-power 980 nm diode laser systems, ensuring reliability and longevity.
- Abrasive Tool Enhancement: 6CCVD offers high-quality Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) plates for manufacturing next-generation, ultra-precision diamond burs, minimizing tissue trauma and improving healing outcomes.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following parameters were extracted from the research paper regarding the materials and procedures used:
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diode Laser Wavelength | 980 | nm | Used for depigmentation via ablation/vaporization. |
| Laser Operating Mode | Gated Pulsed | N/A | Used to minimize thermal damage to surrounding tissue. |
| Scalpel Blade Type | #15 | N/A | Bard-Parker handle used for scraping technique. |
| Pigmentation Score (Initial) | 3 | Dummett: Gupta Index | Diffused melanin hyperpigmentation. |
| Follow-up Assessment Periods | 1 week, 1 month, 3 months | N/A | Assessment of healing and recurrence. |
| Post-operative Pain (Minimal) | Scalpel, Diode Laser | N/A | Superior outcome compared to Bur and Electrocautery. |
| Recurrence at 3 Months | None | N/A | Observed across all four techniques. |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe study compared four distinct techniques for gingival depigmentation, applied to four separate quadrants of the same patient to minimize host-related bias:
- Conventional Scalpel Technique:
- Tool: Bard-Parker handle with a #15 blade.
- Method: Scraping technique to remove the pigmented layer and a thin layer of connective tissue. Hemorrhage controlled using sterile gauze soaked in local anesthetic.
- Electrocautery:
- Tool: Loop electrode.
- Method: Used in light brushing strokes, keeping the tip in motion to prevent excessive heat build-up and tissue destruction.
- Diode Laser Technique:
- Tool: Fiberoptic laser tip kept in contact with the pigmented area.
- Parameters: 980 nm wavelength, gated pulsed mode, Sieve method (horizontal direction).
- Outcome Note: Documented minimal post-operative bleeding, pain, and discomfort, but noted high cost/sophistication.
- Diamond Bur Abrasion:
- Tool: Revolving diamond bur.
- Method: Feather light strokes with minimum pressure and copious saline irrigation to prevent thermal trauma and pitting of tissue.
- Outcome Note: Healing was delayed, and persistent granulation tissue was observed in the immediate post-surgical period.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & CapabilitiesâThe research confirms that while economical methods exist, advanced techniques like Diode Laser ablation offer superior patient outcomes (minimal pain, uneventful healing). 6CCVD provides the high-performance CVD diamond materials necessary to optimize both the advanced laser systems and the precision abrasive tools used in this field.
Applicable Materials for Replication and Extension
Section titled âApplicable Materials for Replication and ExtensionâTo replicate or extend this research, particularly focusing on improving the efficiency of the 980 nm Diode Laser or enhancing the precision of the Diamond Bur, 6CCVD recommends the following materials:
| Application Requirement | 6CCVD Material Recommendation | Key Capability |
|---|---|---|
| High-Power Diode Laser Thermal Management | Optical Grade SCD (Single Crystal Diamond) | SCD offers the highest thermal conductivity (> 2000 W/mK), crucial for heat sinking 980 nm diode laser chips to ensure stable wavelength output, high power density, and extended system lifetime. |
| Advanced Abrasive Tools (Burs/Tips) | High-Purity PCD (Polycrystalline Diamond) | PCD plates up to 125mm diameter, ideal for manufacturing ultra-hard, wear-resistant, and precision-shaped dental burs that minimize tissue trauma and improve abrasion consistency compared to standard tools. |
| Optical Windows/Output Couplers | Optical Grade SCD | SCD substrates (0.1 ”m to 500 ”m thickness) provide excellent transparency and thermal stability for high-power laser optics. |
| Boron Doped Electrodes | Heavy Boron Doped PCD (BDD) | While not used in this specific study, BDD electrodes are available for researchers exploring electrochemical depigmentation methods. |
Customization Potential
Section titled âCustomization PotentialâThe development of next-generation surgical tools, whether laser-based or mechanical, often requires unique material specifications. 6CCVD specializes in meeting these custom needs:
- Custom Dimensions: We supply PCD plates and wafers up to 125mm in diameter, allowing manufacturers to design large, complex abrasive tools or heat sink arrays.
- Precision Thickness: SCD and PCD layers are available from 0.1 ”m up to 500 ”m, ensuring optimal material usage for specific thermal or mechanical requirements.
- Advanced Polishing: We offer ultra-smooth finishes critical for optical and low-friction applications: Ra < 1nm (SCD) and Ra < 5nm (Inch-size PCD).
- Custom Metalization: For integrating diamond heat sinks into laser packages, 6CCVD provides in-house metalization services (Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, Cu) tailored to specific bonding and mounting requirements.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering SupportâThe successful implementation of high-power laser systems and precision surgical tools relies on expert material selection. 6CCVDâs in-house PhD team can assist engineers and researchers developing similar Dental/Medical Laser Systems or Precision Surgical Abrasion Tools. We ensure the chosen CVD diamond material meets the stringent thermal, mechanical, and optical requirements of advanced medical devices.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Introduction: Gingival pigmentation which is caused by deposition of melanin pigment is a major esthetic concern for many people. A case is reported in which an evaluation of 4 popular depigmentation procedures carried . Methodology: Patients associated with gingival hyperpigmentation in 4 quadrants based on Dummetts scoring criteria were included. Healing and recurrence were assessed following depigmentation carried out by scalpel, bur, electrosurgery and laser. The outcome of procedures were assessed at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Results: Healing following Scalpel and laser were better than bur and electro surgery. Post-operative pain was less with the use of scalpel and laser. Discussion: In this case report, it was found that the time taken to carry out all the 4 procedures were nearly the same. Both scalpel surgery and laser led to uneventful healing and minimal post-operative pain when compared to abrasion by burs and electro surgery in the immediate post-surgical period of 1 week to 1 month. Conclusions: Better treatment outcomes were observed with the scalpel and laser techniques.