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Pressure-induced superconductivity in SnSb2Te4

MetadataDetails
Publication Date2020-02-17
JournalJournal of Physics Condensed Matter
AuthorsPeng Song, Ryo Matsumoto, Zhufeng Hou, Shintaro Adachi, Hiroshi Hara
InstitutionsUniversity of Tsukuba, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
Citations12
AnalysisFull AI Review Included

Technical Documentation & Analysis: Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in SnSb₂Te₄

Section titled “Technical Documentation & Analysis: Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in SnSb₂Te₄”

This document analyzes the requirements and methodologies detailed in the research paper “Pressure-induced superconductivity in SnSb₂Te₄” to highlight the critical role of high-quality, conductive diamond materials and to position 6CCVD’s MPCVD capabilities as the ideal solution for replicating and advancing this research.


  • Core Achievement: Discovery of pressure-induced superconductivity in the phase change material SnSb₂Te₄, demonstrating a transition from semiconducting to metallic behavior under compression.
  • Critical Enabling Technology: The experiment relied entirely on an originally designed Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) utilizing Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes for precise electrical resistance measurements under extreme pressure.
  • Superconductivity Range: Superconductivity onset ($T_{c}^{\text{onset}}$) was first observed at 2.1 K under 8.1 GPa, increasing linearly with pressure.
  • Maximum Performance: The maximum onset transition temperature achieved was 7.4 K under an extreme pressure of 32.6 GPa.
  • Mechanism Insight: The pressure-induced metallization is linked to the shrinking of Sn-Te and Sb-Te bond lengths, causing the band gap to decrease and the Fermi level to cross the valence bands.
  • 6CCVD Value Proposition: This research validates the necessity of 6CCVD’s core offering—high-quality, metallic, custom-fabricated BDD electrodes—for cutting-edge high-pressure physics and materials discovery.

The following hard data points were extracted from the transport measurements and structural analysis:

ParameterValueUnitContext
Maximum Applied Pressure32.6GPaLimit of resistance measurement
Minimum Superconductivity $T_{c}^{\text{onset}}$2.1KObserved at 8.1 GPa
Maximum Superconductivity $T_{c}^{\text{onset}}$7.4KObserved at 32.6 GPa
Zero Resistivity $T_{c}^{\text{zero}}$ (Minimum)~2.2KObserved at 10.2 GPa
Ambient Lattice Constant (a=b)4.304(1)ÅR-3m(H) structure
Ambient Lattice Constant (c)41.739(3)ÅR-3m(H) structure
Calculated Band Gap (Ambient)~0.26eVGGA-PBE calculation at Z point
Debye Temperature ($\Theta_{R}$)~320KFitted from resistivity data (6K to 200K)
Cooling Rate (Synthesis)9.1K h-1Slow cooling phase during crystal growth

The experiment combined conventional material synthesis with advanced high-pressure electrical transport characterization, critically relying on specialized diamond components.

  1. Crystal Growth: Single crystals of SnSb₂Te₄ were grown using a conventional melting-growth method.
  2. Precursor Materials: Stoichiometric ratios of Sn (99.9%, powder), Sb (99.99%, powder), and Te (99.9%, grain) were combined in an evacuated silica tube.
  3. Thermal Recipe: The tube was heated to 1010 K for 10 hours, then slowly cooled to 873 K at a rate of 9.1 K h-1 and held for 24 hours.
  4. Structural Confirmation: Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the R-3m(H) trigonal structure and nominal composition (Sn1.01Sb1.98Te4).
  5. High-Pressure Measurement: Sample resistance was measured using an originally designed Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC).
  6. Electrode Implementation: The DAC utilized boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes to facilitate electrical transport measurements up to 32.6 GPa.
  7. Computational Analysis: First-principles calculations were performed using the Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) method implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO, utilizing GGA-PBE functional and LOBSTER for bonding analysis (COHP/ICOHP).

The successful execution of this high-pressure research hinges on the quality and customization of the conductive diamond electrodes. 6CCVD is uniquely positioned to supply the necessary materials and fabrication services to support high-pressure physics and DAC research globally.

To replicate or extend this research, the primary material requirement is highly conductive, mechanically robust diamond.

  • Material Recommendation: Heavy Boron Doped Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) or Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD).
    • SCD Advantage: For applications requiring the highest thermal stability and lowest defect density, 6CCVD’s SCD offers superior mechanical integrity for the anvil tip.
    • PCD Advantage: For larger area electrodes or cost-sensitive applications, 6CCVD offers PCD wafers up to 125mm, which can be custom-cut into electrode geometries.

High-pressure DAC experiments demand extremely precise, custom-fabricated diamond components. 6CCVD specializes in meeting these stringent requirements:

Research Requirement6CCVD CapabilityTechnical Specification
Custom Electrode GeometryPrecision Laser Cutting & ShapingWe provide custom dimensions and geometries for DAC anvils and electrode tips, ensuring precise alignment and pressure distribution.
Conductive Diamond ThicknessCustom Thickness ControlBDD layers available from 0.1 ”m up to 500 ”m, allowing optimization of conductivity versus mechanical strength. Substrates up to 10 mm thick are available.
Electrical Contact LayersAdvanced In-House MetalizationWe offer custom metal stacks (Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, Cu) deposited directly onto the BDD surface, crucial for creating reliable ohmic contacts in cryogenic and high-pressure environments.
Surface QualityUltra-Precision PolishingSCD electrodes can be polished to an average roughness (Ra) < 1 nm, and inch-size PCD to Ra < 5 nm, minimizing stress concentration and ensuring optimal sample contact.

6CCVD’s in-house PhD team possesses deep expertise in MPCVD growth and material characterization, specifically supporting applications in extreme environments. We can assist researchers in material selection for similar high-pressure transport measurement projects, ensuring the BDD electrodes meet the exact doping concentration and mechanical tolerances required for pressures exceeding 30 GPa.

For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly. We offer global shipping (DDU default, DDP available) to support research facilities worldwide.

View Original Abstract

Here we firstly report the pressure-induced superconductivity in phase change materials SnSb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub>. Single crystals of SnSb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub> were grown using a conventional melting-down method. The resistance under pressure was measured using an originally designed diamond anvil cell with boron-doped diamond electrodes. The temperature dependence of the resistance under different pressures has been measured up to 32.6 GPa. The superconducting transition of SnSb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>4</sub> appeared at 2.1 K ([Formula: see text]) under 8.1 GPa, which was further increased with applied pressure to a maximum onset transition temperature 7.4 K under 32.6 GPa.