Rapid measurement of plasma concentration of a vancomycin with diamond sensor.
At a Glance
Section titled “At a Glance”| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2020-01-01 |
| Journal | Proceedings for Annual Meeting of The Japanese Pharmacological Society |
| Authors | Olga Razvina, Takuro Saiki, Genki Ogata, Seishiro Sawamura, Rito Kato |
| Institutions | Niigata University, Keio University |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
Technical Documentation & Analysis: Diamond-Based Vancomycin Sensor
Section titled “Technical Documentation & Analysis: Diamond-Based Vancomycin Sensor”Project Reference: 1-P-133: Rapid measurement of plasma concentration of a vancomycin with diamond sensor. Material Focus: Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM).
Executive Summary
Section titled “Executive Summary”This research successfully demonstrates the superior performance of Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes for rapid and reliable therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of Vancomycin. 6CCVD specializes in providing the high-quality, custom BDD materials necessary to replicate and scale this critical biosensing technology.
- Material Superiority: BDD electrodes exhibit significantly more stable electrochemical reactions compared to traditional sensor materials like carbon and gold.
- Speed and Efficiency: The developed procedure allows for a complete series of measurements in just 35 seconds, with total sample processing time (including pretreatment) under 10 minutes.
- Clinical Relevance: The sensor accurately detects Vancomycin concentrations across the entire therapeutic window, ranging from 1 to 50 µM.
- Cost Reduction Potential: The BDD sensor demonstrated excellent reusability with minimal impairment of sensitivity, directly contributing to reduced costs in clinical TDM applications.
- Personalized Medicine Enabler: This rapid, stable, and simple methodology is a key advance for personalized medicine, allowing for immediate dose adjustment based on individual patient plasma levels.
- 6CCVD Capability: We provide custom-doped BDD (SCD or PCD) wafers up to 125mm, ensuring scalability and precise conductivity control required for high-performance electrochemical sensors.
Technical Specifications
Section titled “Technical Specifications”The following hard data points were extracted from the research abstract, highlighting the performance metrics achieved using the BDD sensor.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sensor Material | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) | N/A | Working electrode material |
| Target Application | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) | N/A | Monitoring Vancomycin plasma levels |
| Measurement Time (Series) | 35 | seconds | Time required for electrochemical detection |
| Total Process Time (Max) | < 10 | minutes | Including sample pretreatment |
| Detection Range (Lower Limit) | 1 | µM | Minimum concentration detected |
| Detection Range (Upper Limit) | 50 | µM | Maximum concentration detected |
| Clinical Range | 1 to 50 | µM | Falls within the therapeutic window |
| Stability Feature | Repeatedly usable | N/A | Minimal impairment of sensitivity observed |
| Comparative Stability | More stable reaction | N/A | Compared to classical carbon and gold electrodes |
Key Methodologies
Section titled “Key Methodologies”The research focused on developing a rapid and simple electrochemical procedure utilizing the unique properties of diamond electrodes for biosensing applications.
- Material Selection: A Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) electrode was selected as the sensing element due to its wide potential window and superior electrochemical stability compared to conventional materials.
- Sample Preparation: Guinea-pig plasma was used as the biological matrix, spiked with Vancomycin at various concentrations relevant to the therapeutic window.
- Process Optimization: A streamlined procedure was developed, ensuring that the total time required for all processes, including sample pretreatment, did not exceed 10 minutes.
- Rapid Electrochemical Analysis: The BDD sensor enabled the completion of a series of measurements in a rapid 35-second timeframe.
- Performance Validation: The sensor’s ability to accurately detect concentrations between 1 and 50 µM was confirmed, validating its suitability for clinical TDM.
- Durability Testing: The sensor was tested for reusability, demonstrating that it could be used repeatedly with minimal loss of sensitivity, supporting long-term, low-cost monitoring.
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled “6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities”6CCVD is the ideal partner for researchers and engineers seeking to commercialize or extend this BDD-based biosensing technology. Our MPCVD capabilities ensure the delivery of high-quality, customized diamond materials essential for stable electrochemical performance.
Applicable Materials
Section titled “Applicable Materials”To replicate the high stability and wide potential window required for this Vancomycin sensor, 6CCVD recommends the following materials:
- Heavy Boron-Doped Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD):
- Application: Ideal for large-area electrodes and cost-sensitive applications like disposable or high-throughput sensor arrays.
- Capability: We offer PCD wafers up to 125mm in diameter, ensuring scalability for commercial production.
- Boron-Doped Single Crystal Diamond (SCD):
- Application: Recommended for highly demanding research or micro-electrode arrays where ultra-low surface roughness (Ra < 1nm) and maximum material uniformity are critical.
- Capability: SCD thicknesses available from 0.1µm up to 500µm, allowing precise control over electrode geometry and conductivity.
Customization Potential
Section titled “Customization Potential”6CCVD’s in-house manufacturing capabilities directly address the needs of advanced electrochemical sensor development:
| Requirement | 6CCVD Capability | Technical Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Precise Conductivity | Custom Boron Doping Levels | Fine-tuning of the p-type semiconductor properties for optimal electron transfer kinetics and sensitivity. |
| Large-Scale Production | Plates/Wafers up to 125mm (PCD) | Enables the fabrication of high-density sensor chips and arrays for clinical diagnostics. |
| Electrode Integration | Custom Metalization Services | Internal deposition of Au, Pt, Pd, Ti, W, or Cu contact layers for reliable electrical connection to external circuitry. |
| Surface Quality | Polishing to Ra < 5nm (PCD) | Ensures a clean, reproducible surface morphology, minimizing non-specific adsorption and maximizing sensor reusability. |
| Custom Geometry | Precision Laser Cutting | Allows for the creation of complex electrode shapes or micro-patterns required for integration into microfluidic systems. |
Engineering Support
Section titled “Engineering Support”6CCVD’s in-house PhD team specializes in the material science of diamond electrochemistry. We offer consultation services to assist researchers in optimizing material selection (e.g., doping concentration, grain size, surface termination) for similar Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and Biosensor projects.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that kills bacteria by blocking the construction of the cell wall and used to treat different bacterial diseases including meningitis and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Because this antibiotic can sometimes induce renal failure and hearing loss, the plasma concentration is monitored to adjust the dose applied to individual patients. In this study, we show a rapid and simple procedure with an electrochemical approach. The sensor we used consisted of a boron-doped diamond electrode, which elicits more stable reaction than classical materials such as carbon and gold. With this sensor we examined guinea-pig plasma containing vancomycin at different concentrations. The procedure we developed allowed us to complete a series of measurement in 35 sec. Time necessary for all the processes including a sample’s pretreatment did not exceed 10 min. The sensor detected the drug concentration of 1 to 50 µM, which falls into the range of the therapeutic window. Moreover, we found that the sensor was repeatedly usable for the measurement with minimal impairment of the sensitivity. The methodology described here may contribute to not only advances in personalized medicine but also reduction of the cost for therapeutic drug monitoring.