Electrochemical degradation of pesticide azoxystrobin by anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond
At a Glance
Section titled âAt a Glanceâ| Metadata | Details |
|---|---|
| Publication Date | 2017-05-16 |
| Journal | Applied Journal of Environmental Engineering Science |
| Authors | Shehdeh Jodeh, M. Errami, R. Salghi, Mohammed Zougagh, A. Chakir |
| Analysis | Full AI Review Included |
BDD Diamond: Enabling High-Efficiency Electrochemical Degradation of Pesticides
Section titled âBDD Diamond: Enabling High-Efficiency Electrochemical Degradation of PesticidesâTechnical Documentation and Sales Analysis for Environmental Remediation
Section titled âTechnical Documentation and Sales Analysis for Environmental RemediationâThis document analyzes the research paper, âElectrochemical degradation of pesticide azoxystrobin by anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond,â to demonstrate 6CCVDâs specialized material solutions for advanced electrochemistry and environmental engineering applications.
Executive Summary
Section titled âExecutive Summaryâ6CCVDâs Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) material is validated by this research as the superior anode solution for the efficient mineralization of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wastewater treatment.
- Core Achievement: Demonstrated high-efficiency electrochemical degradation of the persistent pesticide Azoxystrobin (40 mg L-1) using a BDD anode.
- Material Necessity: BDDâs exceptionally high oxygen evolution overpotential facilitates the generation of powerful hydroxyl radicals (OH¡), essential for mineralizing bio-refractory pollutants into CO2 and H2O.
- Optimization Success: The process achieved maximum degradation kinetics (pseudo first-order) by utilizing high current density (70 mA¡cm-2) and optimizing supporting electrolyte (NaCl).
- Scalability Confirmed: The electrochemical method is ideal for flow systems, offering automation potential and superior stability compared to traditional photocatalytic or chemical methods.
- 6CCVD Advantage: We offer custom, large-area BDD electrodes, metalization, and thickness control required to scale this research from the laboratory 1 cm² cell to industrial flow reactors.
Technical Specifications
Section titled âTechnical SpecificationsâThe following table summarizes the critical operational parameters and performance metrics extracted from the study demonstrating optimal BDD use in environmental remediation.
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anode Material | Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) | N/A | High-stability, active anode |
| Effective Anode Surface Area | 1 | cm² | Square plate electrode dimension |
| Counter Electrode Material | Platinum (Pt) | N/A | Standard three-electrode setup |
| Reference Electrode | Saturated Calomel Electrode | N/A | Potential reference (SCE) |
| Optimal Applied Current Density | 70 | mA¡cm-2 | Maximized degradation rate |
| Tested Current Density Range | 10 - 70 | mA¡cm-2 | Range investigated for COD removal |
| Operating Temperature | 25 (¹ 3) | °C | Thermoregulated cell conditions |
| Initial Target Pollutant | Azoxystrobin | 40 mg L-1 | Initial concentration for degradation test |
| Optimal Supporting Electrolyte | NaCl (Sodium Chloride) | 1 g L-1 | Achieved fastest COD removal kinetics |
| Highest Apparent Rate Constant (k) | 2.82 x 10-2 | min-1 | Measured at 70 mA¡cm-2 |
| Measurement Repeatability | Within 5 | % | Margin of experimental error |
Key Methodologies
Section titled âKey MethodologiesâThe electrochemical degradation kinetics study utilized a standardized setup and rigorous analytical techniques to quantify COD removal efficiency.
- Electrolytic Cell Setup: A conventional 100 cmÂł thermoregulated glass cell (Tacussel Standard CEC/TH) was used in a three-electrode configuration.
- Electrode Placement: The BDD anode (1 cm² effective surface area) was placed 1 cm from the Platinum (Pt) cathode, using a Saturated Calomel Electrode as the reference.
- Operational Environment: All experiments were conducted at 25 °C (¹ 3 °C) in solutions that were continuously magnetically stirred and aerated.
- Kinetic Testing: The influence of three 1 g L-1 supporting electrolytes (NaCl, NaOH, and Na2SO4) was tested, confirming NaCl as the most effective for electrocatalytic degradation.
- Current Density Variation: COD removal was measured across applied current densities, finding 70 mA¡cm-2 yielded the highest pseudo first-order kinetic rate constant (k).
- Analytical Method: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the key measure of efficiency, was determined using standard open reflux, dichromate titration methods for wastewater analysis, ensuring high confidence (< 5% error margin).
6CCVD Solutions & Capabilities
Section titled â6CCVD Solutions & Capabilitiesâ6CCVD provides the specialized Boron-Doped Diamond materials and engineering services necessary to replicate, optimize, and scale this high-performance electrochemical process for environmental remediation.
Applicable Materials
Section titled âApplicable MaterialsâTo achieve the high stability and performance required for Azoxystrobin mineralization, researchers must use highly uniform and conductive BDD material.
- Material Recommendation: Heavy Boron Doped PCD/BDD Wafers.
- Description: We offer Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) films doped with Boron to achieve metallic conductivity, ideal for use as high-stability anodes in corrosive media.
- Relevance: The BDD anode is the active component responsible for generating the oxidizing radicals (OH¡) necessary for breaking down the tough chemical structure of Azoxystrobin. Our MPCVD doping control ensures the optimal conductivity and active surface area required for high current density operation (70 mA¡cm-2).
Customization Potential
Section titled âCustomization PotentialâThe experimental setup relied on a small 1 cm² electrode. 6CCVD facilitates the critical transition from lab-scale R&D to pilot and industrial application.
- Large-Area Electrodes for Scale-Up:
- We provide custom BDD plates/wafers up to 125mm in diameter (PCD/BDD). This enables engineers to design large-format flow cells and modular systems required for high-volume wastewater treatment.
- Precision Thickness Control:
- BDD film thickness is critical for longevity and cost management. We offer BDD thickness control from 0.1 Âľm to 500 Âľm, allowing precise material specification based on lifetime and performance requirements.
- Custom Metalization and Contacts:
- For high current density applications, robust back-side contact is essential. 6CCVD offers in-house metalization services, including common high-stability layers like Ti, Pt, and Au, to ensure reliable electrical interface and easy integration into electrochemical cell hardware.
- Custom Geometry:
- We offer laser cutting and shaping services to produce BDD electrodes in custom geometries (circles, squares, strips, or complex patterns) to fit proprietary reactor designs, moving beyond the simple âsquare plateâ used in the study.
Engineering Support
Section titled âEngineering SupportâElectrochemical wastewater treatment utilizing BDD is a highly specialized field. 6CCVD supports engineers globally in material selection and optimization.
- Application Expertise: 6CCVDâs in-house PhD team can assist with material selection, doping level optimization, and substrate selection for similar environmental electro-oxidation (EO) projects, including the degradation of other organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides mentioned in the paper (DDT, lindane, etc.).
- Global Logistics: We provide global shipping (DDU default, DDP available) to ensure timely delivery of custom BDD components regardless of the customerâs location, supporting uninterrupted R&D timelines.
For custom specifications or material consultation, visit 6ccvd.com or contact our engineering team directly.
View Original Abstract
The problem of agricultural pesticide utilization in the Arab countries is not only an issue of uncontrolled use, but it is also a problem pertaining to the handling, misuse and disposal of unwanted pesticides. Electrochemical measurements were performed using a computer controlled by Potentiostat/Galvanostat model PGZ 100 associated to ââVolta-Master 4ââ software. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is measured according to the standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. The COD values were determined by the open reflux, with dichromate titration method. All measurements were repeated in triplicate and all results were observed to be repeatable within a 5 % margin of experimental error. Kinetic studies were carried out to determine the COD reduction efficiency for electrooxidation pesticides at different supporting electrolytes. For this purpose, the removal rate of COD was assumed to obey a first-order kinetic as follows. The influence of the current density on the COD removal during the electrochemical oxidation of pesticide Azoxystrobin was 40 mg L-1 at the BDD anode.